Download Exam 3 Review - Iowa State University

Exam 3 Review
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Kelly
Biol 211 (1)
Roe
02/24/15
1. During the bryophyte life cycle, the _____ is dependent on the _______.
a) sporophyte, gametophyte
b) gametophyte, sporophyte
c) sporangium, gametophyte
d) gametophyte, sporangium
e) none of the above
2. In plants, a ___________ produces gametes, while a __________ develops from a zygote.
a) sporophyte, sporophyte
b) gametophyte, sporophyte
c) sporangium, gametophyte
d) archegonium, gametophyte
3. Which of the following is not true about alternation of generations?
a) occurs in all sexually reproducing organisms
b) is the alternation of two multicellular body forms (gametophyte, sporophyte)
c) produces both zygote and spores
d) includes both mitosis and meiosis
4. The transition from an aquatic to terrestrial environment had a lot of challenges for the first land
plants. Which of the following was not a problem for the first land plants?
a) sources of water
b) sperm transfer
c) desiccation
d) herbivores
5. What is the closest relative to land plants?
a) Rhodophyta, because both clades have cellulose cell walls.
b) Euglenozoa, because both clades have green chloroplasts.
c) Charophyceans, because both clades have rose-shaped complexes that synthesize cellulose.
d) Oomyctes, because both clades have cellulose cell walls.
e) Archaea, because both clades are autotrophic.
6. Globally, 80% of all the calories consumed by humans come from ___ species of angiosperm crop
plants.
a) 3
b) 6
c) 10
d) 20
e) humans don’t eat angiosperms
7. This Phylum contains the mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi
A) Zygomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Basidiomycota
D) Glomeromycota
E) Chytridomycota
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8. The bodies of most fungi are_________
A) composed of hyphae
B) referred to as a mycellium
C) usually underground
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
9. Fungal cells can reproduce asexually via mitosis. Many fungi can also reproduce sexually by
undergoing
A) plasmogamy followed by karyogamy
B) dispersal followed by germination
C) karyogamy then meiosis
D) germination then dispersal
10. Which of the following do all fungi have in common?
A) sexual life-cycle
B) symbiosis with algae
C) absorbtion of nutrients
D) coenocytic hyphae
E) a basidiocarp
11. Following the life of an Ascomycete from ascospore to ascocarp, what is the order of the ploidy –level
observed.
A) dikaryotic, haploid, diploid, dikaryotic
B) diploid, haploid, dikaryotic, diploid
C) haploid, dikaryotic, diploid, haploid
D) haploid, diploid, haploid, diploid
E) none of the above
12. The association between plant roots and soil fungi is best described as
A) parasitism
B) mutualism
C) predation
D) detrimental
E) beneficial only to one of the pair
13. What are the sporangia of the bread mold Rhizopus?
A) Asexual structures that produce haploid spores
B) asexual structures that produce diploid spores
C) sexual structures that produce haploid spores
D) sexual structures that produce diploid spores
E) vegetative structures with no role in reproduction
14. Both fungi and animals are heterotrophic. The difference between the two is that animals get their
nutrition
A) from organic matter
B) by using enzymes to digest their food
C) by ingesting their food
D) by consuming only live prey
E) by preying only on animals
Plants Become Terrestrial:
When:
Closest Protist Relative:
Cell Wall Composition:
4 plant advantages to life on land :
4 ways the environment changed:
What does it mean to be vascular? Nonvascular?
Plant Groups are Diverse:
Nonvascular and Seedless
Vascular and Seedless
Vascular with Seeds
Ex. Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
For the above groups does the gametophyte or sporophyte dominate?
Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms: Which undergoes Double Fertilization?
Depict the Seeds:
Naked Seed
Ovules develop into___________________.
Ovary develop into___________________.
What is pollination vs. fertilization?
Covered Seed
Plant Lifecycles: Alteration of Generations We may or may not complete this page during the
review. However, it is a great study tool!
1. What is growing?
2. Add in Ploidy
3. Where are meiosis and fertilization occurring? Does pollination occur?
4. Any special structures?
5. What dominates? How does the lifecycle change?
Nonvascular Seedless (Bryophytes):
Vascular and Seedless (Ferns):
Vascular with Seeds (Gymnosperm):
Vascular with Seeds (Angiosperms):
FUNGI:
How do they Obtain Food? Significance?
Cell Wall Composition:
Structure:
Define and Label:
HyphaeFruiting BodyMyceliumWhere can spores be found(2 places)
Septate:
Class:
Sexual vs. Asexual:
Septate vs. Aseptate:
Fruiting Body Name
and Ploidy:
Dominant Mycelium
Ploidy:
# of Spores:
Examples:
Aseptate or Coenocytic:
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Diverse Lifestyles: How are these important to humans?
1.
2.
3.
3 Differences between Fungi and Fungi-like protists (Oomycetes):
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PLANTS
When did they become terrestrial?
Closest protist relative?
4 Protist and Land Plant shared Characteristics
4 reasons why a terrestrial environment was advantageous
4 ways land plants changed the terrestrial environment
5 shared characteristics between plants and closest protist relative (more in depth than the 4
above)
5 differences all land plants share
-apical meristems
-Alternation of Generations *
-Walled spores in sporangia *
-multicellular gametangia *
-multicellular dependent embryo * **These are easier to understand after looking at lifecycles
Cuticle
Secondary Compounds
Plant Ecological significance
Pollination and Dispersal Methods
Nonvascular vs. Vascular and Seedless vs. Seeded Plants (know which phylums are in each
group)
3 things vascular plants have over nonvascular plants
PLANT LIFECYCLES! (The differences between Moss(Bryophyte), Fern(Pterophyte), Pine
(Gymnosperm), and Flowers (Angiosperm)
-Antheridia and Archegonia (Male vs. Female)
-Gametophyte and Sporophyte (Which dominates? When are they nutritionally
dependent/independent)
-Sporangia and Gametangia
-Meiosis and Mitosis (When does Meiosis occurs?)
-Ploidy( N, 2N, and 3N)
- Fertilization (Which need water) and Pollination (What makes these different?)
- Xylem and Phloem
-Roots , Leaves (Sporophylls),
-Megaspores and Microspores (Male v. Female) Mega/Micro sporangium
-Strobilus and Sori
-Zygote and Embryo
-Heterosporous
-Ovules and Ovary (Which becomes fruit and which becomes seeds?)
-Seed structure Angiosperm and Gymnosperm (3 generations) ( Which has endosperm?)
-integuments and micropyle
Dicots and monocots
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Oogamus
3 advantages angiosperms have over gymnosperms
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FUNGI- (focus on these classes: Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiamycota)
Heterotroph
Puffballs, Morels, Truffles, Molds, Stinkhorns, etc. (What Class?)
How they obtain food (Importance of Surface Area?)
The Diverse Lifestyles
Hyphae, Mycelium, Fruiting Body
What are their cell walls made of? What are plant cell walls made of?
Septate vs. Aseptate=Coenocytic
Specialized hyphae = hoop traps and haustorium
Mycorrhiza
FUNGI LIFECYCLE! (Know how the cycles are different)
-Sexual and Asexual
-Plasmogamy and Karyogamy
-Ploidy (N, 2N and N+N) (Which dominates?)
-How many sexual spores do each form?
Fungus the good and the bad
Ecological Importance and their diverse lifestyles
Human Uses
Differences Between Fungi and Fungi-like protists