Download Chapter 17 Section 3 KEY - Swartz Creek Schools

Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns (1863-1865)
Name _________________
Date __________________
Hour __________________
Section 3: The North Wins
Main Idea: Victories at Gettysburg & Richmond allow the Union to win the war.
Why it matters now: If the Union had lost the war, the U.S. might look very different now.
One American’s Story
1. What did Joshua Chamberlain give up in order to fight for the Union? he was a college professor
_who had the opportunity for a year’s travel w/pay to study languages in Europe. ___________
2. How many battles did Chamberlain fight in?
_24_
3. What is he best remembered for? his actions at the Battle of Gettysburg (Day 2) where he
courageously held off a fierce rebel attack on Little Round Top
I. The Road to Gettysburg
1. Fill in the following chart.
Commanding Generals of the Union Army
Name
1. George McClellan
Date Fired
September,
1862
Reason for dismissal
Following the Northern victory at the Battle of
Antietam in Maryland, McClellan failed to finish
off Lee’s army as it retreated back into Virginia.
At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia Burnside
attacked Confederate troops who were dug into
trenches resulting in the loss of 12,600 Union
troops.
2. Ambrose Burnside
December,
1862
3. Joseph Hooker
May, 1863
At Chancellorsville, Virginia the Union army was
badly beaten by Lee who only had ½ as many
men.
4. George Meade
July, 1863
Following the Northern victory at Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania Meade failed to follow Lee and
finish off the Southern army as it retreated back
to Virginia.
Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns (1863-1865)
2. Who was General Stonewall Jackson and what happened to him? __one of Lee’s best generals;
_he was accidentally shot in the arm by his own troops who thought he was a Northern soldier;
after having his arm amputated he developed pneumonia and died following the Battle of
Chancellorsville, May 1863.
3. Why did General Lee decide to attack the North again?
a. Lee hoped a Confederate victory in the North would cause Northerners already unhappy
about the war to push Lincoln into a peace treaty with the South._____________
b. convince European nations to side with the Confederacy (Europe might think the South was
going to win._______________________________________________________________
II. The Battle of Gettysburg
1. When did the Battle of Gettysburg begin and how long was it? _July 1, 1863________________
________3 days (ended July 3, 1863)_________________________________________
2. What was “Pickett’s Charge”? _the turning point of the Battle of Gettysburg; Lee ordered Pickett
_to directly charge across the Peach Orchard and into the middle of the Union line above them.
Pickett lost his entire brigade. _____________________________________________________
3.
Timeline: Battle of Gettysburg
See text, map and picture on p. 514
_______________
(Day 1)
*Southern troops occupy
Significant events town of Gettysburg
of the battle:
*Union troops take high
ground outside of town
*Fighting begins—Union
_______________
(Day 2)
________________
(Day 3)
*Confederate troops try to *Lee decides to attack
capture Little Round Top
center of Union line—
but fail.
orders Pickett’s Charge on
Union troops occupying
*Joshua Chamberlain’s
high ground (Cemetery
heroic efforts during
Ridge).
Battle of Little Round Top
earn him the Medal of
*Pickett’s entire brigade
Honor
is killed. Lee retreats.
Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns (1863-1865)
4. Fill in the graphic organizer below using p.513
BLOODIEST BATTLE IN
U.S. HISTORY
North lost 23,000 men
Lee’s hopes for invasion into North
permanently crushed
Effects of the
Battle of Gettysburg
28,000 Confederate soldiers died
Lee retreated South into Virginia
wounded over 1/3 of
Southern army
TURNING POINT OF CIVIL WAR
III. The Siege of Vicksburg
1. What happened on July 4, 1863? __Grant takes Vicksburg____________________________
a. What was the significance of this?____Vicksburg was the last Confederate-controlled port on
Mississippi River—Union now would control Mississippi River and the Confederacy cut in half _
b. Why did the South lose at Vicksburg? They were under siege by Grant’s army—no food or
supplies were allowed in. After a month & ½ they were starving & surrendered._________
2. When was Grant named commander of all the Union armies? ___March, 1864______________
Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns (1863-1865)
IV. Sherman’s Total War
1. Describe Sherman’s March (see map, p. 517) __Starting in TN, he marched SE thru Atlanta until
_he reached Atlantic Ocean & back North thru major southern cities_______________________
2. What does “total war” mean? _a war not only against enemy troops, but against everything that
_supports their army (rail lines, crops, towns burned & looted, total destruction)_____________
3. What was the political effect of “Sherman’s March”? __Sherman’s victory brought more support
__for Lincoln and the war; Lincoln won re-election._______________________
4. Explain what Lincoln meant in the following quote from his 2nd Inaugural Address:
“With malice towards none; with charity for all; . . . let us strive on to finish the work we are in;
to bind up the nation’s wounds; . . . to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a
lasting peace.”
Lincoln wants to put the war behind us and move forward to making peace once again with our
fellow countrymen. He doesn’t want there to be lasting hatred, but kindness for all as everyone
has suffered from the war. He looks forward to a period of peace, not revenge or punishment._
______________________________________________________________________________
V. Grant’s Virginia Campaign
1. Why did Sherman march his troops toward Virginia? _to meet up with Grant’s troops
2. Since May 1864, what was Grant and his generals doing? _making attack after attack on the
Confederate troops as he moved toward Richmond (their capitol)_______________
3. What Did Grant say after the Battle of the Wilderness in May, 1864? ___”Whatever happens_
_we will not retreat.”_______________________________________
How many men had he lost? ____over 17,000__________________________________
4. What did the Union troops do before they went into the Battle of Cold Harbor? Why? ______
_they pinned their names and address to their jackets so that their bodies could be identified
later—they expected to be killed in battle._______________________________________
5. Where was Petersburg? _just South of Richmond, Virginia_____________________________
When did Grant arrive there? _June, 1964_________________________________________
How long was the Siege of Petersburg? __10 months__________________________________
Month & Year it would have ended? ___April, 1865__________________________________
6. What happened on April 3, 1865? The Union troops took Richmond _____________________
Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns (1863-1865)
VI. ____________________________________________
1. What happened on April 9, 1865? _Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House in VA
Why did this happen? __Lee recognized that it his situation was hopeless—his men were
starving to death___
2.
***NOTES FROM SWAIN: Lee chose to surrender and repair the Union rather than conduct
guerilla warfare from the foothills of the Appalachian Mtns. as Jefferson Davis wanted him to
do.
3. What terms of surrender did Grant offer to Lee?
a. Lay down their weapons
b. Go home in peace (South)
c. Take private possessions & a horse
d. Lincoln made sure the starving men were fed
4. Drawing Conclusions: What does the terms of Lee’s surrender indicate how Lincoln
felt about Southern reconciliation following the Civil War?
It would have been within Lincoln’s right to have Lee and other Confederate
generals tried for treason. Lincoln, however, did not try to punish the South nor
seek revenge for their secession. The terms of surrender show that Lincoln
simply wanted to bring the South back into the United States again—and move
into a time of healing and rebuilding the nation. He did not wish to encourage
further bitterness or hard-feelings between the North and South.