Download Chapter 12 Section F: Blood and Hemostasis

1
Chapter 12 Section F: Blood and Hemostasis
What are the three types of plasma proteins? Which are most abundant?
What is serum?
What is the average hemoglobin concentration in blood?
What is the shape and approximate diameter of erythrocytes? What is the significance of the shape?
Where are erythrocytes produced? What is their typical lifespan? What happens when they “die?”
What organs are responsible for their “death?”
What is the function of ferritin? of transferrin?
What is the source, target, and action of erythropoietin? What stimulates the secretion of this hormone?
Explain the role of folic acid, vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor in erythropoiesis.
Define anemia.
What is the abnormality in persons with sickle cell anemia? What causes the cells to assume a sickle
shape and how does this interfere with blood flow?
What is polycythemia and how does this affect blood viscosity and blood flow?
How are the leukocytes visibly distinguishable based on cytoplasmic staining and nuclear shape?
Which the most abundant leukocyte? the least abundant?
What is the other name for platelets? Describe a platelet and the cell that generates platelets.
What are the two types of stem cells that give rise to all cell types of the blood? What determines how
many of each cell type will be produced?
What is hemostatsis? hematoma?
What is the location and function of von Willebrand factor?
What happens to platelets once they bind vWF? Is this a form of positive feedback?
What is the source and action of thromboxane A2?
What prevents a platelet plug from spreading beyond the site of vessel damage?
What is the difference between platelet aggregation and blood clotting?
What triggers blood coagulation?
What is the advantage of an enzymatic cascade such as that of blood clotting?
2
What are the functions of thrombin? How is thrombin formed?
What is the difference in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways for blood clotting?
For the purposes of this course, it will not be necessary to know the names and numbers of the clotting
factors as shown in Figure 12-76 and Table 12-13 on page 459. Rather, it is important to understand the
general scheme of the clotting pathways and the roles of thrombin, fibrinogen, and vitamin K.
How does blood clotting normally begin? At what point does the intrinsic pathway become involved?
Coagulation is a positive feedback mechanism. How is blood coagulation restricted to the site of vessel
damage? Is thrombin involved? Other substances? Endothelial cells?
The dissolution of a blood clot in a very important step in the resolution of damage to the vasculature.
How is plasminogen involved?
How does aspirin suppress blood clotting?
Within three hours of a myocardial infarction, what drug(s) can be given and what effect does this drug
have on clotting?