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B2 Topic 2
Date:
Time:
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Questions
Q1.
* The diagram shows the coronary arteries surrounding a human heart.
The coronary arteries deliver blood to the muscle cells in the heart.
The coronary arteries can become narrowed or blocked by fatty deposits.
Suggest how the narrowing of the coronary artery may affect how the heart functions and how this
may affect other body cells.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q2.
* Explain how water enters a plant and is moved to the leaf.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q3.
The diagram shows the human circulatory system.
(i) Name blood vessel W.
Put a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
aorta
B
pulmonary artery
C
pulmonary vein
D
vena cava
(ii) Deoxygenated blood enters the heart in the chamber labelled Y.
Explain how blood is moved from chamber Y to the lungs.
(3)
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(iii) The blood vessel labelled X carries blood to capillaries.
Explain how substances are exchanged between capillaries and body cells.
(2)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q4.
The table shows the concentration of glucose found in plant cells at different times of the day.
time of
6am
9am
midday
3pm
6pm
midnight
day
concentrat
ion of
2
6
18
12
2
2
glucose /
mg per g
(i) Calculate the change in the concentration of glucose from 6am to midday.
(1)
answer = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mg per g
(ii) Describe the pattern shown in the concentration of glucose from 6am to midnight.
(2)
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(iii) Suggest two reasons why the concentration of glucose in the plant cells changes between 3pm
and 6pm.
(2)
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Q5.
In an investigation, a person ran at different speeds.
(a) The graph shows the concentration of lactic acid in the blood and the heart rate of this person while
running.
(i) When the running speed is 22 km h–1, the stroke volume of the runner is 0.18 dm3.
Calculate the cardiac output of the runner using the equation.
cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate
(2)
answer = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dm3 per minute
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
When the heart rate is at its maximum the concentration of lactic acid in the blood is
(1)
A 11.2 mmol dm
–3
B 12.8 mmol dm–3
C 200.0 mmol dm–3
D 210.0 mmol dm–3
(iii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
The graph shows that
A as the heart rate increases the concentration of lactic acid increases
B as the concentration of lactic acid increases the heart rate decreases
C the concentration of lactic acid increases as running speed increases
D the concentration of lactic acid is not dependent on heart rate
(iv) Explain why the concentration of lactic acid changes at running speeds greater than 18 km h–1.
(3)
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(b) After running the person rested.
Explain why the concentration of lactic acid in the blood changes whilst resting.
(3)
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(Total for Question is 10 marks)
Q6.
(i) Describe how water is transported up the stem and into the leaves of a plant.
(2)
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(ii) The graph shows the rate of water loss from the leaves of a flowering plant during a 12-hour period on
one summer's day.
Explain why the rate of water loss changes in the flowering plant from 6 am to midday.
(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q7.
Heart disease can significantly reduce cardiac output.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
Cardiac output is the volume of blood leaving the
(1)
A atrium every heart beat
B atrium every minute
C ventricle every heart beat
D ventricle every minute
*(ii) A reduced cardiac output would affect the performance of an athlete.
Explain the effects that a reduced cardiac output would have on the muscle cells of an athlete.
(6)
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Q8.
Blood from the left side of the heart travels to different organs of the body.
The table shows the percentage of blood travelling to different organs at rest and during exercise.
(i) During exercise the percentage of blood travelling to the skin doubles.
Calculate how many times the percentage of blood travelling to the muscles increases during exercise.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why the percentage of blood travelling to the muscles increases during exercise.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
Q9.
The graph shows the effect of exercise intensity on the volume of blood leaving the heart per beat.
(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The difference between the volume of blood leaving the heart at rest and the volume of blood leaving
the heart at maximum exercise intensity is
(1)
A 70 cm3
B 80 cm3
C 90 cm3
D 150 cm3
(ii) Using information in the graph, describe the effect of different levels of exercise intensity on the
volume of blood
leaving the heart.
(2)
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(iii) Explain why it is important to have a change in blood flow to muscles during exercise.
(3)
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*(b) The diagram shows a heart.
Explain how the structures of the heart are related to their function.
(6)
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(Total for Question is 12 marks)
Q10.
Gas exchange
(a) Gas exchange in the air sacs of the lungs takes place in a similar way to gas exchange between
body cells and capillaries.
Each of these air sacs are surrounded by blood capillaries.
The diagram shows one air sac.
(i) Describe how oxygen is transported from the air sac into the surrounding blood capillary.
(2)
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(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
The blood transports oxygen to body cells.
Oxygen is used by body cells when
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A energy is released during respiration
B energy is released from carbon dioxide
C glucose is produced during respiration
D energy is taken in during respiration
(b) The graph shows how the heart rate of a person changes during and after aerobic exercise.
(i) The volume of blood leaving the heart during one heart beat at 25 minutes is 0.07 dm3.
The person’s cardiac output can be calculated using the equation:
cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate
Calculate the cardiac output of this person at 25 minutes.
(3)
cardiac output = ............................................................
(ii) Explain the trend shown by the graph between 5 and 25 minutes.
(3)
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(c) Anaerobic respiration takes place when the muscle cells are not supplied with enough oxygen.
Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration.
(1)
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Q11.
Genetic engineering can be used to produce plants that are resistant to herbicide.
One herbicide works by preventing the activity of an enzyme.
Some bacteria have a form of this enzyme that is not affected by the herbicide.
(a) Suggest how genetic engineering can be used to produce plants resistant to this herbicide.
(3)
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(b) This herbicide is sprayed onto the leaves of plants.
Suggest which vessel could transport the herbicide from the leaf to other parts of the plant.
(1)
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(c) Fields of crops have weeds growing in them.
In an investigation, crops resistant to a herbicide were grown in different fields.
The crops were sprayed with different concentrations of the herbicide.
The mass of the crops and weeds were recorded.
The graph shows the results of this investigation.
(i) Describe the effects of the herbicide on the yield of weeds.
(2)
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(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The most appropriate concentration of herbicide to use is
(1)
A 10 arbitrary units
B 30 arbitrary units
C 40 arbitrary units
D 50 arbitrary units
(d) The table shows the number of species of weeds resistant to this herbicide from 1996 to 2004.
(i) Describe the trend shown in the data.
(1)
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(ii) Suggest reasons for this trend.
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(Total for Question is 10 marks)
Q12.
(a) The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis in a field containing grass plants, during a 12 hour period.
(i) Describe the trend shown by the graph from 6 am to 6 pm.
(2)
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(ii) Suggest two factors that may affect the rate of photosynthesis during this 12 hour period.
(2)
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(iii) Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + water —→ glucose + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The diagram shows a field containing grass plants.
(i) Calculate the area of the field.
(2)
area of field = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m2
(ii) Describe a method that could be used to estimate the total number of grass plants in this field.
(3)
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(Total for Question is 11 marks)
Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Answer
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
16
A description
including two of the
following points
 increases up to
midday (1)
 decreases from
midday to 6pm /
midnight / 2 mg per g
(1)
 remains constant
from 6pm to midnight
(1)
A suggestion
including two of the
following points
 less
photosynthesis(1)
 less sunlight(1)
 temperature
decreases (1)
 lack of water(1)
 reference to
named use of
glucose e.g.
Acceptable
answers
Mark
(1)
increases then
decreases (1)
Correct manipulation
of data e.g. trebles
from 9am to midday
(1)
(2)
no light (at night)
reference to enzyme
activity
(2)
respiration (1)
Q5.
Answer
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)
(a)(iv)
(b)
Q6.
 (heart rate =)198
to 200 (1)
 (0.18 × 198 to
200 = ) 35.6 to 36 (1)
B - 12.8 mmol dm-3
D - the concentration
of lactic acid is not
dependent on heart
rate
Any three from the
following:
 lactic acid
increases / more
lactic acid produced
(as exercise
increases) (1)
 using more
energy /muscles
working / contracting
harder / faster (1)
 aerobic
respiration at its
maximum (rate) (1)
 as oxygen not
supplied fast enough
/ muscles not getting
enough oxygen (1)
 anaerobic
respiration occurs
(producing lactic
acid) (1)
Any three from the
following:
 (concentration of
lactic acid)
decreases (1)
 lactic acid broken
down(1)
 using oxygen /
oxidised(1)
 into carbon
dioxide and water (1)
 ref to oxygen
debt / EPOC (1)
Acceptable
answers
2 marks for correct
bald answer ecf
Mark
(2)
(1)
(1)
Accept stops
Ignore breathing
Accept body
Accept not enough
oxygen /oxygenated
blood
(3)
Accept amount
Accept if written in a
word or formula
equation for MP3
and MP4
(3)
Q7.
Answer
(i)
Acceptable
answers
D – ventricle every
minute
(1)
Indicative Content
*(ii)
Level
1
0
1-2
Mark
Mark
A description
including
 there will less
blood flow (to the
muscles)
 because less
blood leaving the
heart
 less oxygen
(reaching muscle)
 less glucose
(reaching muscle)
 reduced rate of
aerobic respiration
 less energy
released
 less carbon
dioxide removed
 greater rate of
anaerobic respiration
 glucose broken
down without oxygen
 reduced muscle
contraction
 build up of lactic
acid (in muscle cells)
 causing cramp /
(6)
fatigue
No rewardable content
 a limited description of 2 effects of
reduced cardiac output on muscle
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple description of 4 or more effects
of reduced cardiac output on muscle, but
some steps maybe missing or out of
sequence
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed description of 6 or more
effects of a reduced cardiac output on
muscle, with the sequence largely in order
and complete
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors
Q8.
Q9.
Answer
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)
QWC
B 80 cm3
A description that
includes two of the
following:
 it increases from
rest to low intensity
(1)
 low to moderate
intensity stays the
same (1)
 increases from
moderate (1)
 reference to
compared
figures/correct
manipulation of
figures (1)
A explanation that
includes three of the
following
 (more) oxygen
needed (1)
 (more) glucose
needed (1)
 for (aerobic)
respiration (1)
 which releases
(more) energy (1)
 so that muscles
can work for
longer/harder (1)
*(b)
Acceptable
answers
Mark
(1)
Accept:
increases as
exercise intensity
increases (1)
(2)
Accept: reduce
muscle
fatigue/cramp
Accept: to reduce
build up of lactic acid
(1)
remove carbon
dioxide/waste from
cells (1)
maintain body
temperature (1)
(3)
Indicative Content
Mark
An explanation
including some of
the following points
in a logical sequence
 two sides to
prevent mixing of
blood
 left side deals
with oxygenated
blood
 thicker wall of left
ventricles
 pump blood to
body
 right side deals
with deoxygenated
blood
 pumps blood to
lungs
 muscular wall of
ventricles which
exp
(6)
Level
1
0
1-2
contract
 atria receive
blood
 valves to prevent
backflow
 correct reference
to (named)
arteries/veins
No rewardable content
 a limited explanation that links one
structure to its function e.g. the right side
pumps blood (to the lungs) OR the
pulmonary vein takes blood into the heart.
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple explanation that links two
different structures in the heart to their
function e.g. right ventricle pumps blood to
the lungs AND atria receive blood
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed explanation that covers most
of the indicative content and that includes at
least three different structures linked to their
function
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors
Q10.
Question
Number
(a)
Answer
Acceptable answers
A description linking
the following points
• high concentration
(in air sacs) to lower
concentration ( in
blood) (1) • by
diffusion (1)
Question
Number
(a)(ii)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Answer
Acceptable answers
substitution (1) 150 ×
0.07 evaluation (1)
10.5 unit (1) dm3
per minute
(b)(i)
Question
Number
(b)(ii)
Question
Number
Answer
Acceptable answers
An explanation
linking three of the
following points
• heart / pulse rate
increases to increase
blood flow (1) • so
more oxygen /
glucose delivered to
muscles / cells (1)
• for aerobic
respiration (1)
• increased blood
flow removes carbon
dioxide faster (1)
Accept reference to
muscles / cells as
site for aerobic
respiration
Answer
Acceptable answers
Answer
(a)
A suggestion
including any three
linked points
 ref to use of
enzymes (1)
 isolate / remove
/cut out gene / DNA
(for resistance)(1)
Mark
(3)
Mark
(3)
glucose → lactic acid
(c)
Mark
(1)
A
Question
Number
Mark
Mark
(1)
Acceptable
answers
Any named enzyme
must be in correct
context. Ignore
plasmids
Reject replace
Mark
(3)
 (coding for)
enzyme (1)
 from bacteria (1)
 insertion of gene
/ DNA into crops /
plants (1)
(b)
 in the phloem (1)
(c)(i)
(c)(ii)
(d)(i)
(d)(ii)
A description
including two of the
following points
 0 to 10/11 no
effect / change /
difference (1)
 10/11 to 28 /
29/30 decrease in
mass / yield (1)
 Over 28 / 29/30
no change (1)
B - 30 arbitrary units
 number of
species increase /
go up (1)
Suggestions
including two of the
following linked
points
 increased use of
herbicideresistant
crops (1)
 increased use
(concentration / time)
of herbicide (1)
 ref to transfer of
genes into weeds
from other plants /
cross pollination (1)
 mutation(1)
Answer
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)
A description
including the
following points
 increases to
midday/in the
morning (1)
 decreases from
midday/ in the
afternoon/to 6pm (1)
two of the following
points
Accept phonetic
spelling e.g. phloem
/flowem
(1)
Accept decreases for
1 mark (if no other
marks awarded)
ecf throughout
(2)
(1)
Ignore number of
weeds
(1)
Ignore ref to
evolution / natural
selection
Ignore immune (to
herbicide) Accept a
description eg
continued use of
herbicide Accept
cross breeding /
reproduction /
contamination
(2)
Acceptable
answers
increases and
then decreases (1)
reference to highest
rate around midday
(1)
Mark
(2)
mineral ion
concentration
(2)
 light (levels) (1)
 temperature (1)
 water (levels) (1)
 carbon dioxide
(concentration)(1)
(a)(iii)
1 carbon
dioxide/CO2;
2 oxygen/O2;
(b)(i)
(b)(ii)
 100 × 20 (1)
 2000 m2 (1)
A description
including any three
of the following
points
 use a
quadrat/select
smaller area of the
field (1)
 place quadrat
randomly/select
areas randomly (1)
 count the
number of plants in
each
quadrat/location (1)
 reference to use
of several locations
(1)
 calculate
average number of
plants from quadrats/
samples (1)
 multiply sample
size up to the total
area of the field (1)
cloudy
too hot/cold
Ignore: rain/weather
Reject: (change of)
seasons as 12 hour
period in question
Ignore: sunlight/light
energy Reject: CO2
or O2 or any other
variation in formulae
from that given
Bald answer 2000
(m2) (2)
Accept:
multiplied by 2000
m2 (from 3bi)
(2)
(2)
(3)