Download These phrases describe prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic - OG

Directions: These phrases describe prokaryotic cells,
eukaryotic cells, or all cells. Place them in the appropriate
section of the Venn diagram
Generally smaller
(1 – 5 µm)
Bacteria
More complex
No nucleus
Have nucleus
Have cell membrane
Generally larger
(10 – 100 µm)
Less complex
Plants and animals
Have DNA
Unicellular
Multi-cellular
PROKARYOTES
ALL CELLS
EUKARYOTES
How the Cell is Like a Factory
Eukaryotic cells are complex, with many different parts that have
specific jobs to do. These parts are called organelles, which means
“little organs”. Each organelle has a specific function that allows the
cell to operate successfully, just like factories have different workers
and machines to carry out specific duties.
Cells can be divided into 2 main parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm
The nucleus is the central structure that contains DNA.
The cytoplasm is everything outside of the nucleus
(Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, but they DO have cytoplasm)
A _________________ is like _________________________ because
Nucleus – like a control center (main office)
- Contains DNA, which are codes of instructions for the cell to
make proteins and other important molecules
- Nuclear envelope made of 2 membranes – has pores to allow
proteins, RNA and other molecules to go to and from the
cytoplasm
- Has chromosomes – in the form of chromatin
- Has a nucleolus – small dense region where production of
ribosomes begins
Vacuole / vesicle – is like a storage unit
- Vacuoles store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
- Plants have large central vacuole, which makes cells rigid
enough to withstand gravity and hold up structures like flowers
- Some unicellular organisms and some animals
- Vesicles store and move materials between cell organelles, as
well as to and from the cell surface
Lysosome – is like a cleanup crew
- Break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small
molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
- Break down organelles that are no longer useful
- Remove the “junk”
Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules – centrioles) – is like
the cement beams and columns that hold up walls/roof; also like a
conveyor belt
- Cytoskeleton gives cells shape and allows some movement
- Microfilaments – provide tough flexible framework; allow
amoebas to crawl
-
Microtubules – hollow; give cells shape; important role in mitosis
o Centrioles – located near nucleus and help in cell division
 *NOT found in plant cells
o Cilia and flagella help cells swim
Ribosomes – like protein-making machines
- Small particles of RNA and protein that help make proteins from
DNA instructions
Endoplasmic Reticulum – like packaging machine
- Rough ER – makes protein; ribosomes found on its surface
- Smooth ER – makes lipids; ribosomes not found on surface
Golgi apparatus – like a customization shop; or shipping yard
- (Key) Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials
form the endoplasmic Reticulum for storage in the cell or release
outside the cell
Chloroplasts – like a solar power plant that provides energy
- Captures energy from sunlight and converts it into food that
contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
- Contains its own DNA
Mitochondria – like the power plant
- Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that
are more convenient for the cell to use
- Only comes from MOM!
- Contains its own DNA
Cell wall – like the walls and roof
Cell membrane – like a security system ?
- Selectively permeable; lipid bilayer; regulates what enters and leaves
the cell