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Directions: These phrases describe prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, or all cells. Place them in the appropriate section of the Venn diagram Generally smaller (1 – 5 µm) Bacteria More complex No nucleus Have nucleus Have cell membrane Generally larger (10 – 100 µm) Less complex Plants and animals Have DNA Unicellular Multi-cellular PROKARYOTES ALL CELLS EUKARYOTES How the Cell is Like a Factory Eukaryotic cells are complex, with many different parts that have specific jobs to do. These parts are called organelles, which means “little organs”. Each organelle has a specific function that allows the cell to operate successfully, just like factories have different workers and machines to carry out specific duties. Cells can be divided into 2 main parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm The nucleus is the central structure that contains DNA. The cytoplasm is everything outside of the nucleus (Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, but they DO have cytoplasm) A _________________ is like _________________________ because Nucleus – like a control center (main office) - Contains DNA, which are codes of instructions for the cell to make proteins and other important molecules - Nuclear envelope made of 2 membranes – has pores to allow proteins, RNA and other molecules to go to and from the cytoplasm - Has chromosomes – in the form of chromatin - Has a nucleolus – small dense region where production of ribosomes begins Vacuole / vesicle – is like a storage unit - Vacuoles store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates - Plants have large central vacuole, which makes cells rigid enough to withstand gravity and hold up structures like flowers - Some unicellular organisms and some animals - Vesicles store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface Lysosome – is like a cleanup crew - Break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell - Break down organelles that are no longer useful - Remove the “junk” Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules – centrioles) – is like the cement beams and columns that hold up walls/roof; also like a conveyor belt - Cytoskeleton gives cells shape and allows some movement - Microfilaments – provide tough flexible framework; allow amoebas to crawl - Microtubules – hollow; give cells shape; important role in mitosis o Centrioles – located near nucleus and help in cell division *NOT found in plant cells o Cilia and flagella help cells swim Ribosomes – like protein-making machines - Small particles of RNA and protein that help make proteins from DNA instructions Endoplasmic Reticulum – like packaging machine - Rough ER – makes protein; ribosomes found on its surface - Smooth ER – makes lipids; ribosomes not found on surface Golgi apparatus – like a customization shop; or shipping yard - (Key) Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials form the endoplasmic Reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell Chloroplasts – like a solar power plant that provides energy - Captures energy from sunlight and converts it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis - Contains its own DNA Mitochondria – like the power plant - Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use - Only comes from MOM! - Contains its own DNA Cell wall – like the walls and roof Cell membrane – like a security system ? - Selectively permeable; lipid bilayer; regulates what enters and leaves the cell