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Biome Test Study Guide Vocabulary to Know: Permafrost: soil that stays permanently frozen Conifer tree: tree that produces seeds in cones and keep their needles (form of leaves) Deciduous tree: tree that loses its leaves in the fall Climate: the weather / rainfall / temperature of an area (*most important climatic factor) Desertification: the creation of desert conditions Facts to Know: Permafrost prevents large trees from putting roots into the ground. (*found in the tundra) The needles of a conifer tree have a waxy covering to prevent them from freezing and losing water. The coniferous forest is also called the Taiga because the ground is spongy and soggy in the spring (like a swamp forest). The trees in a deciduous forest lose their leaves in the fall to prevent water loss and freezing. The Tropical Rain Forest has more variety of plant and animal life than any other land biome because of mild, consistent temperatures and a large amount of rainfall. The Grassland has few trees because of low rainfall, fires, and grazing animals. The Grassland is also called savanna, plains, and steepes. The plants in the Desert have widespread roots close to the ground to absorb water quickly. The fleshy stems of the plants in the Desert allow plants to store water. Recognize the characteristics of each biome: (these will be used in multiple choice questions) --Precipitation (amount and kind) and Temperature --Plants --Animals Tropical Rain Forest At least 200 cm yearly Rain 20 C to 33 C (68 F to 91.4 F) Orchids, ferns, woody vines, tall broadleafed trees, fig, banana tree, lipstick tree, moss, liverworts Ocelots, boa constrictors, monkeys, jaguar, ants, beetles, centipedes, toucans, spiders, frogs, macaw, parakeet, sloth Tundra Less than 25 cm yearly Rain and snow Rarely above 0 C (freezing) (32 F) Lichens, mosses, dwarf willow, birches, grass, arctic poppy, blue lupine, fungi, cotton grass, Musk oxen, lemmings, caribou, wolves, arctic fox, field mouse, ground squirrel, ptarmigans Grassland 25 cm to 75 cm yearly Rain -35 C to 30 C (31 F to 86 F) Acacia trees (thorny trees), variety of short and tall grasses, grains Desert Less than 25 cm Rain 0 C to 32 C (32 F to 89.6 F) Aloe plant, organ-pipe cactus, evening primroses, Mexican Golden Poppies, Mesquite, Saguaro cactus Giraffes, antelope, zebra, ostriches, bison, Lizards, rodents, sidewider, chameleon, prairie dog, eagles, snakes, vulture, mice, rats, camel, roadrunner, kangaroo rat, cottontail, elephants, lions, cheetahs, hawks scorpion, knit fox, gila woodpecker, desert tortoise, mule deer, coyote, bobcat Coniferous Forest Deciduous Forest 50 cm (average) 75 to 125 cm per year Rain and snow Rain and snow Approximately -30 C to 20 C -20 C to 35 C (-22 F to 68 F) (-4 F to 95 F) Hemlock, spruce, fir, pine, conifer, evergreen, Oak, maple, hickory, beech, wild bushes, ferns, shrubs flowers, primrose, grasses, ferns, shrubs Moose, Canadian lynx, red squirrels, beavers, Insects, spiders, snails, gray squirrel, wolves, crossbill, warbler, gray jay, gray owl, deer, raccoon, red fox, blue jay, snowshoe hare, weasels, spruce grouse thrush, frogs, ruffled grouse, snakes, mice, salamanders, woodpeckers, small mammals