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AFRICA: Humans and the Physical Environment __________ Chapt 19, Sect 2 1. What physical features affect Africa’s climate? Landforms - Mountains can block cooling/warming winds, cause rain shadows Large Bodies of Water – wind and water can moderate the coastal temperatures Elevation – height above sea level; higher areas, cooler temps Latitude – closer to Equator is warmer; closer to Poles is cooler; most of Africa is located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; Equator runs through the middle of the continent. Size of Region – allows increasing winds to warm/cool the area 2. How have people in Africa learned to adapt to their environment? (See chart below.) irrigate artificially water crops oasis place where springs and underground water make it possible to support life savanna region of tall grasses nomad people who move from place to place to make a living NOTE TAKING Rain Forest Physical Features Ways People Adapt Central Africa; rains nearly every day; hot, humid environment supports an area rich in plants and animals. People cut trees from the rain forest to clear land for farming. (However, once the trees are cut, heavy rains begin to wash away nutrients in the soil that make it fertile, and this allows for the expansion of a desert environment.) Savanna Desert North and South of rain forest is a region of tall grasses; tropical wet and dry climate. Hot, arid (dry) climate; mostly sand and poor soil; 4”-8” of rain per year; small shrubs, grasses grow here. During the “dry” season people, trade, build houses, prepare for wet season; during wet season they farm. Nomads move to various places to make a living – some trade, some herd goats and camels between oasis. Nuggets: In some desert areas it rains so infrequently and so lightly that some children have never seen rain. ______________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY: Different climate regions in Africa have different weather patterns and physical features, affect the way people live.