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Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
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Speciation Notes 1. Speciation Speciation is.. __________________________________________________________ So…what is a species? ________________________________________________________________ Being reproductively compatible is a key component 2. How do you get a new Species? Geographic isolation: ___________________________________________________________________________ Ecological isolation ______________________________________________________________________________ Temporal “time” isolation __________________________________________________________________________ Behavioral isolation ______________________________________________________________________________ o o o identifies members of species attract mates of same species courtship rituals, mating calls Mechanical isolation ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Other forms of Speciation Remember: _____________________: Change to gene pool of a population that takes place strictly by random chance Two major results can stem from Genetic Drift: Bottleneck Effect Founder Effect 4. Bottleneck Effect Population bottleneck occur when a population’s size is _______________________ for at least one generation. Results in reduced _____________________________________________ Example: Northern Elephant Seals- due excessive hunting in the late 1890’s, the population bottleneck leaving fewer than 20 seals left in the world. Today there are more than 30,000 of these seals BUT still have reduced genetic variation 5. Founder Effect A founder effect occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population. This small population size means that the colony may have: __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Example #2- Birds: Which colonies would could result from the Founder Effect?