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Transcript
Egypt Study Guide Mrs. Dorsey +*+*STUDY YOUR WARM-UPS & YOUR CHART!*+*+*+* Be prepared to put dates correctly on a timeline. Pharaoh’s Role: king, religious leader, general of the armies, owned all the land, responsible for all people’s well-being What is each time period best known for? Old Kingdom: the Age of the Pyramids Middle Kingdom: Period of Reunification, Achievements in Art, Literature, and Architecture New Kingdom: Egypt’s Golden Age Define these forms of government Monarchy-A system of government headed by a monarch (king/queen/shah/ sultan) whose position is usually inherited. Theocracy- government ruled by religious leaders/ laws Explain how Egypt was both a monarchy & a theocracy. Ancient Egypt was a monarchy because it was led by a monarch (king) who got power through the family. It was a theocracy because the leader of the government (pharaoh) was a religious leader and considered to be a god. What geographic characteristic allowed Egypt to flourish? Why did they depend on it so much? The Nile River allowed Egypt to flourish. Without it, there would have been no ancient Egypt! That’s why Egypt is called the “Gift of the Nile.” The Egyptians depended on it because it was their only source of freshwater (no rain). Without the Nile, Egypt would have been all desert. They used the Nile for drinking water, transportation, irrigating water for crops, fishing, silt for farming, bathing water, river games, and much more. Pharaoh Khufu Senusret I Hatshepsut Ramses II Major Accomplishment/ Why they are famous Monument Facts 1st Pharaoh to declare himself a god. Great Pyramid was his tomb Great Pyramid of GizaOver 2 million stone blocks strong central government Most historians think it was built by using a ramp big supporter of the arts White Chapel was built for the Jubilee Festivalcelebrating 30 years of him ruling some of the greatest works of Egyptian literature were written during his reign Archaeologists reconstructed it. A long time ago, another pharaoh had taken it apart. 1st female pharaoh It was carved out of a cliff side. There were 200 sphinx statues in the front and 2 obelisks. Sent a trade expedition to Punt Over 100+ wives & 100+ kids. Built more temples and monuments than any other pharaoh. Abu Simbel- four 60 ft. statues of Ramses II. Twice a year, the sun lines up with the entrance and lights up the whole temple. Military leader: Army captain at age of 10. Signed the world’s 1st peace treaty. In the 1960s, it was cut & moved to higher land so the Egyptians could build a hydroelectric dam. Classes of ancient Egypt Jobs/ Lifestyle….. be ready to compare 2! Vizier-chief judge, appointed and supervised Government Officials other officials, and advised the pharaoh. Chief Treasurer- collected grain, cows, and beer for taxes General of the Armies-advised the pharaoh on protecting Egypt from invaders and helped make alliances. Priests Scribes Life of luxury, including banquets with exotic foods (ducks, geese, figs, coconuts, grapes) and entertainment. Advised the pharaoh and supervised ceremonies. Mummified bodies. Bathed several times a day & didn't wear wool To be clean & pure. Didn't eat fish because it was lower class 12 years+ in scribe schools starting at age of 5 learning over 700 hieroglyphs. Boys only! Kept official records. School was difficult, teachers often beat their students. The one way peasant/artisan men could rise to a higher social class. Artisans Peasants Carpenters, jewelers, leather & metalworkers, painters, potters, sculptors, and weavers. Lived in modest, 3-room rectangular homes that were barely 10 yards long. Rarely received recognition from the upper classes for their work. Farmers- Three seasons: flooding, planting, and harvest. Built pharaoh’s monuments during flood season Simple diet: bread, beer, some vegetables, and fish. Rarely ate meat. Reward= allowed to gather and keep leftover grain, Punishment=brutally beaten Describe Egypt’s religion: They were polytheistic. They believed in many gods including Ra, Anubis, and Osiris. They had a strong belief in the afterlife. They mummified bodies to preserve them for the afterlife. They buried things such as bread with people because they believed you could take things with you to the next life. They believed in judgment: a person’s heart would be weighed against a feather. If it weighed less, they would go on to the afterlife. They celebrated religious holidays and much of their artwork and architecture was made to honor the gods and goddesses. Describe Egypt’s relationship with Kush: Egypt and Kush had a complicated relationship. They shared a border. In times of peace, they traded. However, sometimes they fought. Egypt conquered Kush and later Kush conquered Egypt. When Egypt conquered Kush, Kushites were “Egyptianized” and became like the Egyptians. Identify goods and services that are imported and exported. Egypt’s Imports from Kush Egypt’s Exports Gold Slaves Linen Iron Timber Grain Leather Ivory Beer Describe the enduring impact/legacy of Egypt (what did we get from them/still have or use today). Here are a few examples. There are many others. Obelisk- An obelisk is a tall, thin 4-sided stone monument that comes to a point. Egyptians artisans carved it out of solid rock. I have been to Washington D.C. and when I was there I saw the Washington Monument, which is an example of an obelisk. Sail-The Egyptians were the first to put a sail on a boat. We see sailboats today, particularly on beach vacations.