Download Study Guide for Civics and Economics End of Course

1.
Study Guide for Civics and Economics Final Exam
Foundations of the American Political System and the Basic Values and Principles
Describe how geographic diversity influenced economic, social, and political life in colonial North America.
 New England Colonies:
 indentured servants –
 Middle Colonies:
 Pilgrims –
 Southern Colonies:
 Puritans –
 Jamestown –
 Quakers –
 Mercantilism –
 Bacon’s Rebellion –
 Triangular Trade –
 Proprietary colony –
 Middle Passage –
 Royal Colony –
People to Know:
William Penn (PA)
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
2.
Trace the development of ideas about self-government in colonial North America.
Terms and People to Know:
 Magna Carta –
 Social Contract Theory – (Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu)
 English Bill of Rights – l
 Mayflower Compact –
 Virginia House of Burgesses –
 Natural rights –
3.
What were the causes of the American Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
Terms to Know:
 French and Indian War –
 Proclamation line of 1763 –
 Stamp Act –
 Quartering Act –
 Declaratory Act –
 Navigation Acts –
 Writs of assistance –
 Albany Plan of Union –
People to Know:
John Peter Zenger :
4.
Benjamin Franklin
4.
5.







Sons of Liberty –
Boston Tea Party –
Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) –
Common Sense –
Boston Massacre –
First Continental Congress –
Second Continental Congress –
What were the major problems of the nation under the Articles of Confederation and how were they resolved by the new
Constitution?
Confederation –
Articles of Confederation –
Problems with the Articles:
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
 Federal System –
 ______________ Congress with _____________ branches to provide __________________
 Maintain
 Power to
 House based on
 Senate based on

 necessary and proper clause (elastic clause)
Terms to Know:
o Shay’s Rebellion o Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan) –
o Virginia Plan –
o Three-Fifths Compromise –
o New Jersey Plan –
o Commerce and Slave Trade Compromises –
o
Electoral College –
5.
Compare the viewpoints of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.
Federalist –
The Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist –
6.
1.
2.
3.
How did the Bill of Rights Extend the Constitution?
Provided guarantees for individual liberties
Limit or extend rights and powers of the government
First 10 amendments to the Constitution
First Amendment  Free Exercise Clause –
 Establishment Clause –
 Symbolic speech –
Second –
Third Fourth –
 Probable Cause –
 Exclusionary Rule – Fifth –
 Miranda Warning –
Sixth Seventh –
Eighth –
7.



Prior restraint –
Libel –
Slander –
Ninth –
Tenth –
Compare the American system of government to other forms of government.
Dictatorship (Authoritarian) –
totalitarianism
Democracy –
 Direct
 Popular Sovereignty
 Representative
 rule of law
Monarchy – (limited and absolute)
Oligarchy –
Theocracy –
The United States Constitution and Values, Purposes, and Principles of American Democracy
1. Identify principles in the U.S. Constitution.
o Popular Sovereignty –
o Checks and Balances –
o Limited Government –
o Judicial Review –
o Separation of Powers –
o Federalism –
Federalism in Action:
 Delegated or Expressed Powers –
 Reserved Powers –
 Concurrent Powers –
 Powers Denied to both Federal and State Governments:
 Ex post facto laws –
 Bills of Attainder –



Legislative Branch –
 National –
 State –
 Local –
Judicial Branch –
 National –
 State –
 NC Supreme Court
Executive Branch –
 National –
 State –
 Local – County:
 City/Town:

High elected official in the state:
Separation of powers:
The Checks & Balances System
2. Explain how U.S. Constitution defines the framework and structure of the 3 branches of the federal government.
Preamble:
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
6.
Article I:
Article IV:
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) –
“full faith and credit clause” –
Article II:
Article V:
Article III:
Article VI: Supremacy Clause –
Article VII:
The Legislative Branch What are they called, how many members & what is it based on?
US Congress –
1. House of Representatives –
2. Senate –
2. Senate –
Qualifications
1. House –
Terms of Office – unlimited terms
1. House –
2. Senate
3. –
Legislative Leaders
1. President of the Senate who is it?
a.
c.
b.
d. President pro tempore:
Speaker of the House who is it?
a.
c.
b.
d.
2. Majority Leader –
3. Minority Leader –
Powers of Congress:
1. passes
2. confirms or rejects
3. declares
6.
4. impeaches
7.
5. ratifies
8.
9.
Steps in Making a Law
1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
7.
4.
8. If bill is approved by both houses, it’s then sent to the .
a. President can
b. Pocket veto –
Ways in which a Law may be Changed
1.
3.
2.
4.
a. referendum
b. initiative
Types of Laws
1. statutory laws 3.
2. common law –
4.
The Executive Branch
Who is in it?
1.
3.
2.
4.
Qualifications – President:
1.
2.
3.
Terms of Office –
_____________Amendment
Cabinet and Executive Departments
Cabinet –
a.
b.
c.
Functions and Powers of the Executive Branch:
1. approves or
2. commands
3. develops &
4. appoints
5. proposes
10.
Presidential / Vice Presidential Elections
1. Primaries and Caucuses
2.
3. General Election
4. Electoral College
a. How many votes does each state have?
NC has
b. No state has fewer than ___________ electoral votes
c. Total of
d. candidate must have
(what is the break down of ec votes)
5. If no candidate wins a majority, who chooses the president.
The Judicial Branch
Function –
Components – from lowest to highest
District Courts –
US Courts of Appeal
 appellate jurisdiction
Decisions:
US Supreme Court –
 original jurisdiction
 disputes between
overrides
finances
approves

Congress can
administrative law –
constitutional law –
6.
7.
8.
9.
prepares
grants
administers
may call
Delegates
Terms of Office –
Appointment Process –
Terms to Know:
o Majority opinion –
o Minority opinion
o (Dissenting Opinion)–
o Concurring opinion –
o Writ of Habeas Corpus –
o Writ of Certiorari –
o
o
o
o
o
o
Court Proceedings:
1. First Court Appearance –
2. Probable Cause Hearing 3. Arraignment –
4. Jury Selection –
a. Trial or Agreement:
b. Plea Bargain
c. Probation –
Important US Supreme Court Decisions:
Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. OgdenGideon v. WainwrightMiranda v. ArizonaMapp v. OhioPlessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education of TopekaSwann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of EducationKorematsu v. U.S. –
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US-
Due Process of Law –
Criminal law –
Civil law –
Defendant –
Misdemeanor –
Felony –
d.
e.
Parole –
Acquit –
Regents of the University of California v. BakkeRoe v. WadeFurman v. GeorgiaGregg v. GeorgiaEngel v. VitaleTinker v. Des MoinesHazelwood School District v. KuhlmeierNew Jersey v. T.L.O. Bethel School District v. FrasierTexas v. Johnson –
Describe how the U.S. Constitution may be changed
 Changes
 Ratified
 Example of
How does Congress amend the Constitution?
26 of our
Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
13th –
14 –
15th –
18th –
th
Informal Ways of Amending the Constitution
o Passage of basic legislation –
o Actions taken by the President o Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court –
Interpretation of the Constitution
 Strict Interpretation –
 Loose Interpretation –
19th –
21st –
24th – )
26th –
o
o
Activities of political parties –
Custom –
The North Carolina State Constitution & State Government
Explain how the NC Constitution and local charters define the framework, organization, and structure of government at the state
and local level.
Legislative Branch:
1.
NC General Assembly – How many houses?
House of Representatives – ______________members
Qualifications:
Senate – ______________members
Qualifications:
Terms:
Sessions:
Local Legislators: City Council Members and County Commissioners
Council Manager Plan –
 Statutes –
 Referendum –
 Ordinances –
 Incorporated –
 Board of Education –
Executive Branch:
Governor and Lieutenant Governor – elected _____________________________
Qualifications – at
Terms –
Cabinet
Council of State
Local: mayors
 Annexation –
 Judicial Branch – from lowest to highest
District Courts –
Superior Courts –
Appellate Courts –
NC Supreme Court –
Judges are
 State v. Mann –
 The Leandro Case –
 Penal Code –
Types of local Government: Counties (100 in NC) and Municipalities
Municipalities –
Metropolis –
2. Explain the structure and organization of political parties.
Political Party –
Democrat –
Third Parties –
Republican –
Draw the political spectrum:
Terms to Know: one-party system, two-party system, multi-party system
o Liberal –
o Moderate –
o Conservative –
o Platform –
o Plank –
o Plurality vote –
o Political Machine –
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Propaganda Techniques:
Endorsements
Name Calling
Glittering generalities
Grassroots –
Partisan –
Political Action Committee (PAC) –
Hard Money –
Soft Money –
Canvassing –
Bandwagon
just plain folks”
Card stacking
3. Describe the election process and the qualifications and procedures for voting.
Voter Qualifications:
Election Process:
Special Types of Elections:
Initiative –
Referendum –
Recall –
Terms to Know:
Board of Elections –
 Polling place –

Precinct –
The U.S. Economic System
Basic Economic Concepts:
 Economics –
 Consumer –
 Goods –
o Consumer goods –
o Capital goods –
 Services –
 Producer –
Four Factors of Production:
1) Land
3) Capital
2) Labor
4) Entrepreneurship
Four economic questions that every nation must ask:
1. What
3. Who will get
2. How will the
4. How much
*Who gets to decide these questions? – tells us the type of economic system we’ll have
 Scarcity –
 Law of Supply –
 Real Costs of Production –
 Surplus –
 Opportunity Costs –
 Shortage –
 Demand –
 Tradeoff –
 Law of Demand –
 Production Possibilities Frontier –
 Supply –

Draw the PPF
Draw a Supply & demand Curve
Label the equilibrium, curves, surplus & shortage
Types of Economic Systems:
Traditional –
Change
Strong sense of
Command –


Socialists –
Communists –
Change through
Private property
Political freedoms:
Class
Market –
“Invisible Hand” –
“laissez-faire” –
Guiding principle
Profit motive –
Profit –
Components of Capitalism:
o
o
o
o
Mixed Economies –
International Trade:
Free Trade –
Advantages –
Disadvantages –
NAFTA –
WTO Balance of trade –
 Trade deficit –
 Trade surplus –
EU –

Protectionism –
o Tariff –
o Quota –
o
Embargo –
Types of Businesses:
1. Sole Proprietorship –
2. partnership –
3.
corporation – )
stock market –


mediation –
arbitration –
Labor Unions:


collective bargaining –
strike –
Types of Competition:
 monopoly –
 oligopoly –


pure competition –
monopolistic competition –
Measuring the Health of the Economy:
1. Inflation –
a. CPI (Consumer Price Index) –
2. Unemployment Rate –
3. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) –



*Categories: Consumer spending, business spending, government spending, net exports
Measuring GDP: “current GDP” –
“Real GDP” –
per capita GDP –
The Business Cycle: the up and down movement in the economy
1. Trough –
3. Expansion –
2. Recession –
4. Peak –
Depression –
5. Contraction –
Government’s Role in the Economy:
Monetary Policy –
– inflation
– recession
The Federal Reserve – Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee
Ways to Control the Circulation of Money:
1. Reserve Requirements –
Higher Reserve Rate –
2. Discount Rate –
Higher Discount Rate –
3. Open Market Operations –
Selling bonds –
Buying bonds –
“tight monetary policy” –
“loose monetary policy” –
Fiscal Policy –
Government spending –
Taxes – How does the govt manipulate taxes?
Progressive – a
Regressive –
Banking System:
o Commercial Banks –
o Checking account –
o Certificates of deposit –
o Saving and Loan Associations –
o Credit Unions –
o Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC) –
Functions of Money:
1.
3.
Proportional –
o
2.
Savings account –
Currency –