Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
THE ATOM Atoms are much too small for us to see. In order to imagine what they look like, we use a model that looks quite similar to a tiny solar system. We call the center (the sun of the solar system) the ru,Acieus Circling around the nucleus are electrons (the planets in the solar sytem). All atoms are made up of three parts: voi-tfen p+) Protons (SOMdi charge - Have a posIiive - Are located in the nucleus - Have a mass of one atomic mass unit Neutrons (Some+irnes vierki-en r‘e - Have a neutra. charge - Are located in the nucleus - Have a mass of one atomic mass unit NE T ON; TH PROTON; LARGE yITH PO I IVE CHARGE SMALL NEGATIVE CA 't ) Electrons (sometimes vir charge - Have a nayetive - Circle the nucleus in shells - Have so little mass that we consider them to weigh nothing Electrons circle the nucleus in energy levels or sheitS . You can think of them like rows at a concert - each row or shell has a certain number of seats. The electrons will fill the seats in the first row, but once that row is full they have to move to the second row. Then they fill that row, and so on. 1st Shell ed shell 1< 3rd Shell tt 4th Shell N 2 electrons 8 electrons 8 electrons 16 electrons Atomic Number An atom (at least the kind we talk about this year) always has the same number of positive charges and negative charges, so the overall . This means it has the same number of charge is zero protons and et-ectrons . We call this the of an atom. Every different atomi c numbertype of atom has a different atomic number. This is how the elements are arranged on the periodic table. Atomic Number = Number of protons OR Number of electrons Atomic Mass Protons and neutrons are about the same size and the have about the same mass. We randomly chose a unit to represent the mass of one MaeS proton and called it an Qi-omic Electrons are so tiny that we consider them to weigh nothing. Think of it like standing on a scale and then dropping some salt on your hand. The salt is so small compared to you, it will not change the mass on the scale. So all of the mass from an atom comes from the protons and the neutrons. If we add together the number of protons and the number of neutrons, we get the cd0rnic MaSS of the atom. Atomic Mass = # of protons + # of neutrons So what does this all mean? The Periodic Table The periodic table tells us the atomic number and the atomic mass of each element, so we can figure out how many protons, electrons, and neutrons it has, and what it will look like. The Atoms Family Atomic Math Challenge 8 0 Oxygen 15.999 ..bie note: 8 -44— Name A-Vomic 14 umber Element 5rbol -41— &muck Name -411— Morn'tc Moss Atomic number equals the number of P+ or C Atomic mass equals pt the number of + o n usucxuI.j ro LA n Ckt, CI to '-ifrle nearesf whoke number, because Vie cari+ Irla102 a decimal. number cri netxt-rons. 30 3 A+OrY11C MCISS .IS o Li Zinc 15.999 65.39 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 14 5 6.941 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 35 B Bromine Silicon 28.086 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 10.81 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 79.904 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 16 53 25 Mn Iodine 32.06 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 12 126.905 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 18 54.938 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 19 Mg Argon 24.305 39.948 39.098 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 79 1 Fluorine Gold 196.967 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = 9 1.008 18.998 Atomic # = Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons = Atomic # Atomic Mass = # of Protons = # of Neutrons = # of Electrons =