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REFERENCES FOR:
PRESIDENT LINCOLN COMES TO GETTYSBURG,
NOVEMBER 18 - 19,
1863
John J. Fitzpatrick, Jr., Esq., LICENSED BATTLEFIELD GUIDE
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA [Written in
1787, ratified in 1788 and in operation continuously since 1789]
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Preamble – “We the People of the UNITED STATES, in Order to form a
more perfect Union… do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
United States of America”
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Art. I, Sec. 2, cl. 3 – Representatives’ apportionment-3/5 Persons
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Art. I, Sec. 8 – Powers of Congress
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Art. I, Sec. 9, cl. 1 – The 1808 clause/Migration or Importation clause
Art. I, Sec. 9, cl. 2 –The Writ of Habeas Corpus
Art. I, Sec. 10, cl. 1 – “No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance or
confederation…”
Art. I, Sec. 10, cl. 3 – “No state shall, without the consent of congress,
…, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any
agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as
will not admit of delay.”
Art. II, Sec. 2, cl. 1 – Commander-in-Chief clause
Art. II, Sec. 2, cl. 2 – Treaty power clause
Art. II, Sec. 2, cl. 1 – State of the Union information; laws faithfully
executed clause
Art. III – The Judicial Power
Art. IV, Sec. 2, cl. 3 – The Fugitive Slave clause
Art. V – No amendment, prior to 1808 “shall in any manner effect…”
the 1808 clause
Amendment I –“Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom
of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.”
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Amendment IV – “The right of the people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches
and seizures, shall not be violated…”
Amendment V—“No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or
otherwise infamous crime, unless upon presentment or indictment of a
grand jury…, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due
process of law…”
Amendment VI – “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy
the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury…, and to
have the assistance of counsel for his defense.”
Amendment XIII – Citizens of the United States defined;
Slavery/Involuntary Servitude prohibited
Amendment XIV, Sec. 1, Due Process; Equal Protection
Amendment XIV, Sec. 4, Debts, claims or obligations “incurred in aid
of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for
the loss or emancipation of any slave…shall be illegal and void.”
Amendment XV, Sec. 1 – Right to vote
Collectively, Amendments XIII, XIV and XV are known as “The
Reconstruction” and/or “The Civil War Amendments”.
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
[Unanimously adopted by the Congress of the Confederate States of
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and
Texas in Convention, Montgomery, AL, March 11, 1861]
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“We the People of the CONFEDERATE STATES, each State acting in its
sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent
federal government…invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God
–do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States
of America.”
ART. I, Sec. 2, cl. 3, “Representatives…shall be apportioned
…according to their respective numbers…by adding to their whole
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all slaves…”
ART. I, Sec. 9, cl. 1, “The importation of negroes of the African race
from any foreign country other than the slaveholding States or
Territories of the United States of America, is hereby forbidden…”
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Art. I, Sec. 9, cl. 2, “Congress shall also have the power to prohibit the
introduction of slaves from any State not a member of, or territory not
belonging to, this Confederacy.”
Art. IV, Sec. 2, cl. 1, “The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
the privileges and immunities of citizens…and shall have the right of
transit and sojourn in any State of this Confederacy, with their slaves
and other property; and the right of property in said slaves shall not
be thereby impaired.”
Art IV, Sec. 2, cl. 3, “No slave or other person held to service or labor
in any State or Territory of the Confederate States, under the laws
thereof, escaping or lawfully carried into another, shall in consequence
of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or
labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such
slave belongs, or to whom such service may be due.”
Art. 3, Sec 3, cl. 3, “The Confederate States may acquire new territory
… In all such territory the institution of negro slavery, as it now exists
in the Confederate States, shall be recognized and protected by the
Congress and Territorial government; and the inhabitants of the
several Confederate States and Territories shall have the right to take
to such Territory any slaves lawfully held by them in any of the States
or Territories of the Confederate States.”
OTHER PRIMARY SOURCES
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Miers, Earl Schenck, ed.-in-chief and William E. Baringer [vols. I & II] and C.
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Holzer, Harold. “How Lincoln Made a Cabinet,” 11 North & South Magazine 2
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Lankford, Nelson D. “Fire and Water: Disaster at the Gosport Navy Yard,
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Schecter, Barnet. “The Civil War Draft Riots: The Black Experience,” 10
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Shea, William L. and Terrence J. Winschel. VICKSBURG IS THE KEY, The
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Steers, Edward, Jr. LINCOLN LEGENDS, Myths, Hoaxes, and Confabulations
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Symonds, Craig L. LINCOLN AND HIS ADMIRALS, Abraham Lincoln, the U.S.
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War. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1998.
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Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray. Louisiana State University Press, 1959.
Wheeler, Tom. Mr. Lincoln’s T-Mails. New York, NY: Harper Collins
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Wills, Gary. Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words that Remade America. New
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WEBSITES
www.abrahamlincolnsclassroom.org
www.alincolnbookshop.org
www.alplm.org
www.thelincolnlog.org
ACKNOWLEGMENTS
The Abraham Lincoln Bookshop in Chicago, IL and the Abraham Lincoln
Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield, IL were both helpful re: my
query about the issue of “Lincoln in Print”;
Permission to use Of The People gracefully granted by Gallon Historical Art,
Inc., Gettysburg, PA; www.gallon.com;
President Lincoln, circa 1863; www.archives.gov;
David Wills, circa 1863 5 years; www.picturehistory.com;
David McConaughy; www.achs-pa.org; Permission granted by the Adams
County Historical Society;
Plan of the Soldiers National Cemetery; www.pueblo.gsa.gov
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