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Chapter 5: Egypt and Kush
Lesson 3 Egypt’s Empire
Name __________________________
A. A Golden Age: The Middle Kingdom
1. The Middle Kingdom lasted from about 2055 B.C. to 1650 B.C. It was a time of power, ________________,
and achievement for Egypt.
2. During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt took control of new _______________.
3. The pharaoh required ____________________, or payments from the conquered peoples. The pharaoh used
this wealth to build dams and improve farmlands. The pharaoh also built a _____________ between the Nile
River and the Red Sea.
4. During the _________________ Kingdom, ____________ and architecture grew more popular.
a. Painters covered tombs and temples with colorful _________________.
b. Sculptors created large carvings of the _______________________, which showed the pharaohs as
______________________ people.
c.
Pharaohs had their tombs cut into _______________.
5. The Middle Kingdom ___________________when nobles tried to take power from the pharaohs. This fight
weakened Egypt, making it ________________ to conquer.
6. Outsiders, the ___________________, invaded from western _____________.
a. The Hyksos army rode in chariots and used weapons made of _________________ and
_________________. The Egyptians had ______________________ and stone weapons that could not
stop the invaders.
b. The Hyksos ruled Egypt for about ______________years.
c.
The Egyptians learned how to make and use their __________________________.
7. Around 1550 B.C., an Egyptian prince named ______________________, formed an army and drove the
Hyksos ________ of Egypt.
B. Building an Empire: The New Kingdom
1. Ahmose’s rule began an era known as the ______________ Kingdom.
2. From 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C., Egypt grew _________________ and more powerful. Most pharaohs focused
on bringing other lands under their _______________.
3. About 1473 B.C., a __________________ named Hatshepsut, came to power.
a. Hatshepsut ruled with her ________________________. After he died, she made ________________
pharaoh and ruled for her young nephew.
b. Hatshepsut became the _____________ ______________ to rule Egypt by herself.
c.
Hatshepsut used ________________ to expand the empire.
d. During her rule, Egyptians traded ___________, metal tools, and _______________ for _____________,
ivory, and __________________ wood.
e. Traders also brought __________________, a material burned for its pleasant smell.
4. One important trading partner was ____________________.
a. The Phoenicians lived on the ______________________________.
b. The Phoenicians had their own ______________________ and system of _____________.
c.
The Phoenicians traded goods all over the ancient world.
5. New Kingdom rulers sent ____________, or representatives, to other rulers. This was the first time in history
that a group of nations worked __________________ in this way.
6. When Hatshepsut died, her nephew, _________________________, became pharaoh.
a. Thutmose III expanded the empire through ________.
b. His armies extended the _________________ border of Egypt.
c.
His troops took ________ ______________ of Nubia, which had broken free from Egypt.
d. The empire grew _______________.
e. It took ___________, copper, ______________, and other goods from conquered peoples.
f.
Egypt also enslaved ______________________ of war. However, it did let enslaved people own land,
marry, and gain their __________________________.
C. Two Unusual Pharaohs
1. About 1370 B.C., Amenhotep IV came to the throne.
a. Amenhotep IV and his wife, ________________, tried to lead Egypt in a new direction.
b. The pharaohs were losing power to the priests, so Amenhotep IV started a _______ _________________.
c.
People could worship only one god, called ___________.
2. When the priests protested, Amenhotep IV ____________________ many from their positions,
_______________ their lands and __________________ their temples.
3. Amenhotep changed his name to ________________________, or “Spirit of Aton.”
4. Most Egyptians _________________ to accept Aton as the only god. They remained __________________
and worshiped ______________ gods.
5. Army leaders believed Akhenaton was so devoted to his new religion that he did not do his job as pharaoh.
Outside _________________ took most of Egypt's lands in ________________ Asia.
6. When Akhenaton died, his son-in-law took the throne. The new pharaoh, _________________, was only 10
years old. With help from officials and priests, he quickly ______________________the old religion. After
____________ years, Tutankhamen suddenly died.
7. In 1922 Howard Carter, a British archaeologist, unearthed Tutankhamen’s ____________ and all its treasures.
The boy king and his riches fascinated people living in the modern world. He became known around the world
as “__________ _______.”
D. Recovery and Decline of the New Kingdom
1. The most successful leader during the ____________ Kingdom was _________________.
2. Ramses II came to power in 1279 B.C.
a. He ________ __________ much of the territory lost by earlier pharaohs.
b. Ramses II fought the Hittites in what is now Turkey and signed _____________ treaties.
c.
The Hittites and the Egyptians agreed to keep peace between them and fought _________________ if an
enemy attacked one of them.
d. Under Ramses II and other New Kingdom leaders, many ________________ were built. The most
magnificent temple was Karnak at _______________.
3. The Egyptians believed that their gods and goddesses lived in the temples.
a. Priests and priestesses served the gods by leaving food for them and by washing their statues.
b. Temples also served as ___________ and Egyptians stored valuable items, such as gold jewelry, in them.
4. After Ramses II, Egypt’s power ____________. Egypt was attacked by groups with more and better weapons.
a.
By 1150 B.C., Egypt ruled __________ the Nile ___________, a small area.
b. Starting in 900 B.C., one outside group after another took over Egypt. These outside groups included the
Libyans, the people of ____________, and the __________________________ from Mesopotamia.