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Dr. Pardeep Kumar
 They
are the vessels that carry the blood
away from the heart.
 Walls of arteries are strong and elastic.
 The wall of artery made up of 3 layers:1-Tunica intima
(inner)
2-Tunica media
(middle)
3-Tunica adventitia (outer)
 Origin
:- Pulmonary orifice of Rt ventricle
 Course :- runs upward & backward
 Level :- 5th Thoracic vertebrae
 Branches :1-Right Pulmonary Artery
2-Left Pulmonary Artery
 Longer
& larger than left aretry.
 Course :- runs horizontally to right
 Braches :- it has 3 braches which supply
superior, middle and inferior lobes of lungs
 Shorter
and smaller than right artery
 Course :- runs horizontally to the left side
 Branches : it gives 2 branches for superior
and inferior lobes of left lung.
Aorta
 It is great arterial trunk
 It receives oxygenated blood from Lt. Ventricle & distributes to all
parts of the body.
It has 3 parts
 Ascending Aorta
 Arch of Aorta
 Descending Aorta
 Descending Thoracic Aorta
 Abdominal Aorta
Ascending Aorta

It arises from upper end of Lt. Ventricle

5 cm long & enclosed in Pericardium

It begins from lower border of 3rd costal cartilage

It runs upwards forwards & to right & becomes continuous with arch of
aorta at sternal angle

The roots of Aorta has 3 dilatations of vessel wall called aortic sinuses

They are anterior, left posterior & Rt. Posterior



Branches
Rt. Coronary artery from anterior aortic sinus
Lt. Coronary Artery from Lt. Posterior aortic sinus
Arch of the Aorta
 It is continuous of ascending aorta
 It is present in superior Mediastinum
 The arch of aorta extends from behind Rt. border of sternum at the
level of 2nd costal cartilage to Lt side of lower border of T4
 It inclines from Rt to Lt & front to back
 It rises to a height corresponding to centre of manubrium sterni &
lies in its entire course within sup mediastinum
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Branches
Brachiocephalic trunk which divides into Rt. Common carotid & Rt.
Subclavian artery
Lt common carotid artery
Lt subclavian artery
Descending Thoracic Aorta
 It is continuous of arch of aorta
 It lies in Posterior Mediastinum
Course
 It begins on Lt. Side from lower border of T4 vertebrae & terminates
at the T12
Branches
 9 Posterior intercostal arteries (3rd to 11th )
 Subcostal arteries
 2 Lt. Branchial arteries
 Mediastinal branch
 Pericardial branch
 Oesophageal branch
 Superior Phrenic artery
Internal thoracic artery －
descends into thorax
1.2cm lateral to edge of
sternum, and ends at the
sixth costal cartilage by
dividing musculophrenic
and superior epigastric
arteries
Brachiocephalic Trunk / Artery
 This is the largest branch of the arch of aorta & is about 4 to 5 cm in
length
Origin
 arises from convexity of arch of aorta ,
 passes obliquely upward, backward & to the Rt
Branches
Only 2 terminal branches
 Rt. common carotid artery
 Rt. subclavian artery
Abdominal Aorta
Origin
 Continuation of Descending thoracic aorta
 In midline at aortic opening opposite lower border of T12
Dr, S, Chakradhar
18
Course
 Runs downwards & slightly left of midline
 Ends infront of lower border of L4,
 By dividing into Rt. & Lt. Common iliac artery
Dr, S, Chakradhar
19
Branches
Ventral Branches
 Coeliac trunk
 Superior Mesentric artery
 Inferior Mesentric artery
Lateral branches
 Inferior phrenic artery
 Middle suprarenal artery
 Renal arteries
 Testicular or ovarian arteries
Dr, S, Chakradhar
20
Dorsal Branches
 Luimbar arteries – 4 pairs
 Median Sacral artery unpaired
Terminal Branches
 Common iliac arteries
Dr, S, Chakradhar
21
Blood supply of Head & Neck is chiefly from branches of
common carotid arteries and partly from subclavian arteries
• Common Carotid Artery
• External Carotid Artery
• Internal Carotid Artery
• Subclavian Artery
It is a bilateral artery which supply Head and
Neck.
• Right CCA arise from brachiocephalic Trunk.
• Left CCA arise from Aortic arch.
• Course of CCA:- upward and lateral
• Branches of CCA:- it gives 2 branches
1-Internal carotid artery
2-External carotid Artery
•
Right Common Carotid Artery:
 Arises from brachiocephalic artery
(Behind right sternoclavicular joint)
Left Common Carotid Artery:
 Arises from Arch of Aorta
 Runs upwards in the neck from sternoclavicular
joint to upper border of thyroid cartilage
 External Carotid Artery
 Internal Carotid Artery
 Begins at the level of upper border of thyroid cartilage
 Terminates in the substance of the parotid gland behind
the neck of mandible by dividing into:
 Superficial temporal artery
 Maxillary artery
 Neck
 Face
 Scalp
 Tongue
 Maxilla
Superior thyroid artery
2. Lingual artery
3. Posterior auricular artery
4. Facial artery
5. Occipital artery
6. Ascending pharyngeal artery
7. Maxillary artery
8. Superficial temporal artery
"sister lucy's powdered face often attracts medical
students";
1.
 Begins at the level of upper border of thyroid
cartilage
 No branches in the neck
 Through carotid canal enters into cranial cavity
 Supplies brain, eyes, forehead and part of the nose
Right Subclavian Artery:
 Arises from brachiocephalic artery
(Behind right sternoclavicular joint)
 At outer border of 1st rib it becomes Axillary Artery
Left Subclavian Artery:
 Arises from Arch of Aorta in the thorax
 Runs upwards to the root of the neck & arches
laterally
 At outer border of 1st rib it becomes Axillary Artery
Scalenus Anterior muscle passes anterior to the
artery on each side and divides it into 3 parts.
1. 1st part of subclavian artery
2. 2nd part of subclavian artery
3. 3rd part of subclavian artery
Extends from the origin of the
subclavian artery to the medial
border of the Scalenus anterior
muscle.
Branches:
1. Vertebral artery
2. Thyrocervical Trunk
3. Internal thoracic artery
Branches:
1. Vertebral artery
 Spinal and
muscular
branches in neck
 Branches in
skull
Branches:
2. Thyrocervical Trunk
 Inferior thyroid artery
 Superficial cervical artery ( Transverse
Cevvical
 Suprascapular artery
Branches:
3. Internal thoracic artery
 Superior epigastric artery
 Musculophrenic artery
Lies behind the Scalenus anterior muscle.
Branches:
1. Costocervical trunk
 Superior intercostal artery
 Deep cervical artery
Extends from the lateral border of the Scalenus
anterior muscle to the lateral border of 1st rib.
Branches: (Occasional)
1. Superficial cervical artery
2. Suprascapular artery
Superficial Pulse Points- arteries, not veins
temporal
60 beats/minute
facial
carotid
brachial
radial
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Temporal artery
Facial artery
Common carotid artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Posterior tibial artery
•
Dorsal pedis artery
femoral
popliteal