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CHAPTER 22 – The Ordeal of Reconstruction
“With malice toward none, with charity toward all…” – Lincoln, 1865
The Problems of Peace
 Jefferson Davis and his gov’t
o pardon
 the S after the war:
o economy:
o agriculture:
o S attitude after loss
Freedmen Define Freedom
 fully emancipated?
Exodusters
 effect of emancipation on families & communities
 African American church
American
Missionary
Association
 education
The Freedmen’s Bureau
 Freedmen’s Bureau purpose
o education successes
o failures of F’s B
“accidental
president” (see
picture caption)
Johnson: The Tailor President
 why Johnson was chosen by Union party
Presidential Reconstruction
 Lincoln’s belief
 10% plan
“pocket veto”
o Congressional reaction to Lincoln’s plan
o Wade-Davis Bill
 moderate majority in Congress
 radical minority
Disfranchised
 Johnson’s Reconstruction plan
13th Amendment
Answer: How did the Presidents' plan for reconstruction differ from the plan of the Radical
Republicans?
Black Codes
The Baleful Black Codes
 goal of the black codes
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 sharecroppers
Congressional Reconstruction
 Confederate leaders return to Congress
 Republican reaction & fears
o Homestead Act (1861)
o Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
o Pacific RR Act
Answer: Why did northern congressmen refuse to seat the southerners when they came to take their seats?
(Hint: there are two reasons -- one moral and one practical)
Repudiate – refuse
to pay
“sinful 11”
“swing ‘round the
circle”
Johnson Clashes With Congress
 Civil Rights Bill, 1866
 14th Amendment provisions:
Swinging ‘Round the Circle with Johnson
 1866 Congressional elections & results
Republican Principles & Programs
 Charles Sumner/Thaddeus Stevens
 radical proposals
 moderate proposals
 the one agreement:
Suffrage
Ex parte Milligan
“solid South”
Reconstruction by the Sword
 Reconstruction Act, 1867 provisions:
 15th Amendment, 1869
 transition of governments in the S:
o “Redeemer” regimes
No Women Voters
 Stanton & Anthony/Woman’s Loyal League
 problem with the 14th & 15th Amendments for women
The Realities of Radical Reconstruction in the South
 Union League
 black legislators
Scalawags
carpetbaggers
o Hiram Revels & Bruce Blanche
 radical regimes
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 graft problems
“Invisible Empire of The Ku Klux Klan
the South”
 the KKK goals & tactics
Literacy tests
 Force Acts, 1870 & 1871
Johnson Walks the Impeachment Plank
 president pro tempore of the Senate?
 Tenure of Office Act
A Not-Guilty Verdict for Johnson
 the trial
 guilty or not? why?
Seward’s Folly /
Seward’s Icebox
The Purchase of Alaska
 Russia’s view of Alaska by 1867
 Seward’s purchase & why
The Heritage of Reconstruction
 Republican goals for Reconstruction & results
 failures of Reconstruction
 F. Douglass’ opinion (see box on pg. 497)
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