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Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Text Vocabulary: Cell division Meiosis Embryos Gametes Mitosis Somatic cells Cytokinesis Asexual reproduction Chromosome Histones Chromatid Centromere Sister chromatids M-Phase Interphase S-Phase Cell Cycle G1 Phase G2 Phase Chromatin Prophase Spindle Apparatus Polar Microtubules Centrosome Centrioles Kinetochores Preometaphase Kinetochore microtubules Metaphase Metaphase plate Astral Microtubules Anaphase Telophase Cell plate Cleavage furrow Binary fission M-phase Pomoting Factor Cyclins Cyclin-dependent kinase Negative feedback Cell-cycle checkpoint Tumor P53 Apoptosis Tumor suppressors Cancer Malignant tumors Benign tumors Metastasis Growth factors Serum Rb proteins Lecture 10 “Control of Cell Cycle” PPT review: 1.) Watch the Mitosis video from lecture. What are the different phases of mitosis? What happens at each phase? 2.) What are the phases of the cell cycle? What occurs during Gap phases? Explain the G0 phase. 3.) Define the following: a. MPF b. Cdk c. Cyclin 4.) How are Cdks activated? Explain the accumulation and degradation of cyclin in cells. 5.) What is the relationship between concentrations of cyclin and activity of MPF? 6.) What is the function of Cdk? (include the reaction it’s involved in) 7.) There are 3 cell cycle checkpoints we discussed in lecture: a. What occurs at each checkpoint/What is being “checked”? b. State whether MPF is present or absent. 8.) Explain how the G1 checkpoint is subject to social control using the slides from lecture or book. What is acting as the “social control” in this? (p. 234 in text) 9.) What characterizes cancer on a cellular level? 10.) If a cancer cell divides without growth factors, which checkpoint does it bypass? Explain why cancer cells passing through this checkpoint is a problem—think about what occurs at the phase following G1. 11.) During what phases in the cell cycle would you expect there to be large changes in the polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules? 12.) When actively growing cells are treated with Taxol, they often are unable to complete the cell cycle. Based on what you have learned about cell-cycle checkpoints, which checkpoint likely causes these cells to arrest?
