Download Key Terms Popular sovereignty- people in the territory or state would

Key Terms
Popular sovereignty- people in the territory or state would vote directly on issues rather than having
their elected representatives decide
secede- to withdraw
fugitive- runaway slaves
propaganda- false or misleading information that is spread to further a cause
Civil war- a war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country
Key People
Henry Clay- the great compromiser; came up with a series of proposals to resolve bitter debates
John Calhoun- from the south and was against compromise and thought it was an attack on slavery and
there was only 2 ways to protect the south: states’ rights and secession
Daniel Webster- from the north and supported compromise to preserve the union
Dred Scott- slave who sues for his freedom because he lived in a free state
Roger B. Taney- chief justice of supreme court who decides the dred scott case
Abraham Lincoln- Illinois lawyer against the dred scott decision; pro-union; debated against douglas
Harriet Beecher Stowe – author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Stephen Douglas- pushed the Kansas-Nebraska act through to build railroads in the west
John Brown- led a raid at pottawatomie creek killing 5 people
Key Ideas
The Wilmot Proviso
New land from the Mexican-American war didn’t fall under the Missouri compromise
David Wilmot proposed no slavery in the new territory
It doesn’t pass but scares the south  many southerners viewed it as an attack on slavery
An Antislavery Party
Free-Soil Party
Democrats and whigs didn’t take sides on slavery
Popular sovereignty was considered to decide slavery’s fate, but didn’t happen
General Zachary Taylor (whig) becomes the 12th president but dies in office making millard fillmore the
13th president
The Compromise of 1850
Congress passes 5 of Clay’s proposals
President Taylor disagreed with it, but he dies in office and Millard Fillmore takes over and approves of it
To Please the North
California is admitted as a free state
Slave trade banned in america’s capital, Washington DC
To Please the South
Popular sovereignty will be used to decide slavery for the rest of the Mexican cession
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850: allowed government officials to arrest any person accused of being a slave
and required northerners to help capture them
Outrage in the North
Northerners were outraged to see people being accused of being fugitives deprived of their freedom
Instead of forcing northerners to admit slave owners had rights to slavery, every time the law was
enforced it convinced more people that slavery was evil  strengthened the abolition movement
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet met many escaped slaves because her father was an abolitionist minister
Slavery becomes a moral issue
It was a bestseller in the north  people now viewed slavery as a moral problem facing every american
Southerners were outraged by her book and criticized it as propaganda claiming the novel didn’t paint a
fair picture of slavery
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Pushed through by Senator Stephen Douglas because he wanted to develop railroads in the west
Add Kansas and Nebraska territories to the union
Allow each territory to decided slavery by popular sovereignty
Essentially undoes the Missouri compromise
Passed by Franklin Pierce, the 14th president
South- liked it and was sure that slave owners would move in the territories and make them slave states
North- outraged and hated it
Bleeding Kansas
Elections are held, but results are incorrect
Thousands of Missourians came into Kansas to illegally vote for slavery
Of 39 legislators who voted, only 3 didn’t support slavery  they called for second election
Growing Violence
Two governments form-proslavery and antislavery- who claimed the right to govern
In reaction to a proslavery attack on Lawrence Kansas, John Brown led 7 men to a proslavery settlement
near Pottawatomie creek and murdered 5 proslavery men and boys
Violence grew so badly Kansas got the name bleeding kansas
The Brooks-Sumner Incident
Congressman Preston Brooks savagely beats Congressmen Charles Sumner with a cane in the senate
South- felt sumner got what he deserved
North- even more convinced that slavery was brutal and inhuman
A New Antislavery Party
Republican party forms when whig party split apart
Its main goal was to stop the spread of slavery in the western territories
Election of 1854- republican victories in the house of representatives
Ran its first candidate for president- John Fremont
James Buchanan becomes 15th presdient but Fremont came in close
The Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott vs. Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom and said that he was free because he lived where
slavery was illegal
The Court Decides
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote the decision for the court
1) Scout has no right to sue because he’s property, not a citizen
2) Living in a free territory doesn’t make slaves free
3) Congress doesn’t have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory
4) Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional
Reaction
Slavery supporters rejoiced
Northerners were shocked and angry that slavery was spreading
It brought more white people against slavery
Abraham Lincoln- Illinois lawyer who spoke out against the ruling
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Lincoln- elected to congress as a whig and voted for the Wilmot proviso, opposed the Kansas-Nebraska
act with the republicans
Rival- stephen douglas  personal and political
A House Divided
Illinois republicans chose Lincoln to run for senate against douglas
Lincoln was pro-union, not antislavery
Debating Slavery
Douglas strongly defended popular sovereignty and painted Lincoln as a dangerous abolitionist who
wanted equality for African Americans
Lincoln took a stand against the spread of slavery and said slavery would die on its own and Americans
should keep it out of the west
Douglas won the senate seat, but the debates made Lincoln known throughout the country
John Brown’s Raid
John Brown wanted to raise an army and free slaves in the south
Harper’s Ferry
Brown’s plan: seize the guns in harper’s ferry  give the ammunition to the slaves  they lead a revolt
Robert E. Lee captures brown and his force
Brown was found guilty and was executed
North- felt sympathy for brown and mourned him
South- shocked and angry that the north was mourning brown  convinced that the north was out to
destroy their way of life
Election of 1860
Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate
Democrat party split into north and south democrats
Stephen Douglas- North democrat
John Breckinridge- South democrat
john bell- Constitutional Union Party
Lincoln won in all free states, Breckinridge won in all slave states but four- bell won 3 and douglas won 1
(Missouri)
Lincoln got 40% of popular vote but enough electoral votes to win
Southern States Secede
Lincoln’s election shocked and scared the south
South felt like they had no voice and that president and congress were against them
South Carolina is the 1st state to secede from the union
The Confederate States of America
6 more states followed South Carolina and seceded
The 7 states formed the confederate states of America
By the time Lincoln took office, they wrote a constitution and named Jefferson Davis their president
The Civil War Begins
In his inaugural address, Lincoln told the southern states he meant them no harm and that he didn’t
want to interfere with slavery in the south
Lincoln’s friendship was rejected
South takes over all federal offices- how should Lincoln react?
Fort Sumter
the fort refused to surrender to the south
the south decided to starve them and put the fort under siege
the south then opened fire on the fort and they surrendered
Why War Came
Fort sumter was the beginning of the civil war
Lincoln didn’t want to go to war, but had to because the south attacked
Presidents 1-16
Presidents
What they did
1
George
Washington
None
Establishes america’s federal government
2
John Adams
Federalist
Alien and Sedition acts
3
Thomas Jefferson
Republican
Louisiana purchase and French-Indian war
4
James Madison
Republican
President during the war of 1812
5
James Monroe
Republican
Era of good feelings
6
John Quincy
Adams
National Republican
Corrupt bargain
7
Andrew Jackson
Democrat
Bringing true democracy to America
8
Martin Van Buren
Democrat
Panic of 1837
9
William Harrison
Whig
Dies in office
10
John Tyler
Whig
Annexation of texas
11
James Polk
Democrat
Achieving manifest destiny
12
Zachary Taylor
Whig
General during the Mexican american war, but dies in
office
13
Millard Fillmore
Whig
Passes the Great Compromise of 1850
14
Franklin Pierce
Democrat
Passes the Kansas-Nebraska Act
15
James Buchanan
Democrat
Just beats new republican party candidate, fremont
16
Abraham Lincoln
Republican
President during the civil war; pro-union