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24 pts 9.2 – The Mammalian Circulatory System 1. Who was William Harvey and what did he establish? (2 points) During the 17th century, William Harvey established that mammals have a cyclic circulatory system and disproved the fact that many people thought that blood was absorbed by the skin. He established that blood will travel in only one direction through the circulatory system (flowing away from the heart in arteries, and back towards the heart in veins). He never found a place where blood stops flowing from the heart and begins to make its return. 2. What is cardiac circulation? (1 point) The mammalian heart is a closed, complete, double loop system. The blood vessels are organized into three primary cycles. The route that is taken by blood within the heart is called cardiac circulation. 3. What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation? How much blood is found in each type of circulation at any given moment? (2 points) The path of the blood from the heart to the lungs and back is called pulmonary circulation (10% of the volume of blood in your body is found in this type of circulation). The path of the blood from the heart to the rest of the body is called systemic circulation. Systemic circulation includes all of the blood vessels other than those associated with the lungs (90% of the volume of blood in your body is found in this type of circulation). 4. What are the three main components of a circulatory system? (3 points) The transport vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), which conduct fluid from one area to another; The transport medium (blood), which is the specialized fluid tissue that carries substances around the body; The pumping mechanism (the heart). 5. Make a simple flow chart to show how blood flows away and back to the heart. Use the second last paragraph on page 305 to help you. (2 points) Blood travels from the heart to an artery to and arteriole and then to a capillary network where gases, food, hormones and wastes are exchanged across the capillary wall and the interstitial fluid bathing each cell of the body. The capillaries then empty into venules and progressively larger veins that carry blood back to the heart. 6. Check out figure 9.7 on page 306. Summarize the graph in a few sentences.(2 points) As vessels get smaller and smaller, friction increases and blood pressure drops. This means that blood moves very slowly through the capillaries. The aorta and arteries contain the greatest pressure as they are immediate to the heart. The capillaries have very little blood pressure and the veins have the least amount of total blood pressure. 7. List three interesting facts about arteries. (3 points) 3 different structural layers Outer layer has elastic fibres. Middle layer is made up of circular bands of elastic fibres and smooth muscle. Inner layer is a single layer thick to reduce the friction as blood rushes through it. 8. If you were to extend the arteries, veins and capillaries from end to end, what distance would they stretch? (1 point) The arteries, veins and capillaries in your body would stretch a distance of approximately 160 000 km. 9. List three interesting facts about veins. (3 points) > Compared to an artery, a vein has a thinner wall and a larger inner circumference. > Veins are not as elastic as arteries, but have greater capacity. > Veins contain 2x as much blood as the arterial system. > Blood travels very slowly in the veins. > Due to the fact that veins can’t contract they contain little flaps (one-way valves) which help keep blood moving towards the heart. They must be able to overcome the pull of gravity. > Muscle contraction will help push blood back via veins to the heart. 10.Why may Mrs. LeBlanc suggest that you jiggle your feet if you are feeling sleepy during the Biology 11 exam? (1 point) Movement assists the flow of blood and speeds the delivery of oxygen around the body, especially to the brain! 11. List three interesting facts about capillaries. (3 points) Smallest of the blood vessels. Reach every corner of the body. Single cell walls 8 micrometers thick just large enough for one red blood cell to pass through single file. Regulates the movement of fluids and other materials into and out of the blood stream. Blood is contained in the capillary network and doesn’t escape into the body’s cells directly.