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SCIENCE NOTES – FORCE AND MOTION LESSON 2 What Affects Acceleration? - In you apply force in an object; the velocity (speed or direction) will change. - If you multiply the force by a certain amount, the acceleration will change by the same amount. Mass and Acceleration - If you double the mass, the acceleration is cut in half. Increasing mass decreases acceleration (think about weights on the car) How is Acceleration Calculated? - Acceleration = Force / Mass or (A = F / M). - Force is measured in units called Newtons. - Newton’s second law = When an unbalanced force acts on an object, the acceleration equal’s force divided by mass. (formula above) What are Balanced and Unbalanced Forces? - When all of the forces of an object cancel each other out, it is called balanced forces. - When one force is stronger than the other, it is called unbalanced force. You must have unbalanced force to move something. How do Forces Act Between Objects? - When an object applies force to a second object, we call this force an action. - The force the second object returns to the first is called a reaction. - Newton’s third law of Motion = for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. What is a Simple Machine? - A simple machine is a device with few moving parts that make work easier to do. - LEVER – a rigid bar that rests on a pivot point or a fulcrum. - WHEEL and AXLES – a large wheel rotates in a circle around a small axle. - PULLEYS – A wheel with a groove in the rim that a rope fits in. - INCLINED PLANE – Flat, slanted surface that makes it easier to move. - WEDGES – an inclined plane that is used as a tool for separating things. - SCREWS – An inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylinder. - GEARS – Wheels with teeth that move in opposite directions. END OF NOTES