Download SCIENCE NOTES – FORCE AND MOTION

SCIENCE NOTES – FORCE AND MOTION
LESSON 2
What Affects Acceleration?
- In you apply force in an object; the velocity (speed or direction) will
change.
- If you multiply the force by a certain amount, the acceleration will
change by the same amount.
Mass and Acceleration
- If you double the mass, the acceleration is cut in half. Increasing
mass decreases acceleration (think about weights on the car)
How is Acceleration Calculated?
- Acceleration = Force / Mass or (A = F / M).
- Force is measured in units called Newtons.
- Newton’s second law = When an unbalanced force acts on an object,
the acceleration equal’s force divided by mass. (formula above)
What are Balanced and Unbalanced Forces?
- When all of the forces of an object cancel each other out, it is called
balanced forces.
- When one force is stronger than the other, it is called unbalanced
force. You must have unbalanced force to move something.
How do Forces Act Between Objects?
- When an object applies force to a second object, we call this force an
action.
- The force the second object returns to the first is called a reaction.
- Newton’s third law of Motion = for every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
What is a Simple Machine?
- A simple machine is a device with few moving parts that make work
easier to do.
- LEVER – a rigid bar that rests on a pivot point or a fulcrum.
- WHEEL and AXLES – a large wheel rotates in a circle around a small
axle.
- PULLEYS – A wheel with a groove in the rim that a rope fits in.
- INCLINED PLANE – Flat, slanted surface that makes it easier to
move.
- WEDGES – an inclined plane that is used as a tool for separating
things.
- SCREWS – An inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylinder.
- GEARS – Wheels with teeth that move in opposite directions.
END OF NOTES