Download Non-Communicable Diseases Note Handout Causes of Non

Non-Communicable Diseases Note Handout
Causes of Non-Communicable Diseases
Disease- a _____________change in the state of health of your body or mind.
Non-communicable diseases- are diseases that are _______ transmitted by pathogens
Diseases can be caused by infections, lack of ___________, birth, or lifestyle behaviors
Examples of Non-Communicable Diseases:
Chronic disease- diseases that are present either continuously or off and on over a long time
_____________ disease- disease that causes breakdown in body cells, tissues, and organs as they
progress
Signs and Symptoms
Sign- fever
Symptom- ____________________________
Some diseases have several signs and symptoms.
Different diseases may produce the ____________ signs and symptoms.
It is possible to have a ________________ and not have symptoms
Non Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors
Many non-communicable diseases cannot be_____________________
Some are___________________ from parents
Some are present at birth, but are not inherited
Risk factors- characteristic or behavior that raises a person’s chances of getting a non-communicable
disease
Risk Factors with No Control Over:
Age
_________________
Race
Risk Factors with Control Over:
Amount of food
Type of food
__________________
Smoking (risky behavior)- something that increases chance of getting a non-communicable disease
Diseases Caused by Environment
_____________________
Certain construction materials
Household chemicals
____________________
Improper waste disposal
______________________
______________________
Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases
Scientists study to find ________________
Most diseases caused by ________________ are preventable
Diet and exercise can help prevention of some non-communicable diseases
Not _______________ or drinking can prevent some non-communicable diseases
Living with Non-Communicable Diseases
Most non-communicable diseases cannot be _________________
They can be _____________________
Treatment is given to _____________progress or stop the disease
Genes and Hereditary Diseases
A disease caused by _______________ genes inherited by a child from one or both parents
Caused by changes in the structure of genes
Genes determine the activities of cells and a person’s _______________characteristics
Genes are passed from parent to ______________
A gene change may cause a hereditary change
Examples
______________________- caused by change to one gene
Colon cancer- changes in more than one gene
Breast cancer- changes in more than one gene
________________________- born with part or all of an extra 21 chromosome
Living with Hereditary Diseases
Doctors can test for a number of _____________________ diseases
This helps to reduce problems that might cause disease
Example: newborns tested at ________________ (Tested for PKU- it can cause mental retardation. If it is
caught at birth, then newborns are put on a low-protein diet and if started right away and carried
throughout life, it will be prevented).
Down syndrome- ___________ the ability to learn
Cystic Fibrosis- affects trouble _________________
People with hereditary diseases may experience medical problems
These problems can be reduced if caught_________________
Your Metabolism
 Process by which the body __________ the energy in food into energy the body can use.
 Takes places after ___________
Metabolic Diseases:
 PKU- happens __________________ birth
 ______________- happens after birth
Causes:
 ________________
 _________________________________
 Some other causes
 Nutrition is extremely important- low Vitamin D may cause rickets (deformed bones), low
Vitamin A (blindness) too much Vitamin A ( hair loss or liver disease)
What is Diabetes?
 A disease that prevents the body from ______________________food into energy
 The body has to breakdown food into _______________________
 To transport glucose cells, the body needs insulin- a _____________ produced by the ________
Types of Diabetes
 _______________- condition in which the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the
pancreas
 _________________- condition in which the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces
o It is more likely to occur in people 40 and over who are obese in physically inactive
o It is becoming more common in children and teens
Diagnosing Diabetes
 __________________________
 Excessive thirst
 Unexplained weight loss
 __________________________
 Sudden vision changes
 Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
 Feeling tired much of the time
 ___________________________
 Sores that are slow to heal
 More infections that usual
 It is possible to have__________ symptoms for years
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Preventing and Treating Diabetes
There is _________ known prevention for Type 1 diabetes
Treatment for Type 1 involves daily ___________________
Healthy weight and physical activity ____________ the chance of developing Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 involves ____________medication or _____________ changes
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Preventing Nutritional Diseases
Important to have a normal life- nutritious diet
Proper _____________ of carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals
Poor nutrition can lead to malnutrition
Eating the __________ amount of food is just as important as eating the ________ food ( need
to try and get 2,000-2,500 calories a day)
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If you take in more energy than you use, your body stores it as __________
Too much fat stored can lead to _____________
Obesity is linked to heart disease, high blood pressure, some types of cancer, type 2 diabetes,
and a variety of other diseases
Minimize computer and TV time
Don’t eat snacks while watching TV
Exercise (20-30 minutes in vigorous exercise a day)
What are Allergies?
 An _____________ of the immune system to something in the environment that is harmless to
most people
 Our body will react to a ____________ substance by trying to weaken or eliminate the
substance
 Part of the process is ______________ , which fight foreign substances in the body
 Some people develop allergies- abnormal immune reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance
 _____________ cause allergic reactions
 Between _________________million people are affected with allergies
 Most common forms- food, plants, pollen, medications, mold, animals with fur or feather, insect
stings, synthetic materials, poison ivy
 Some may affect a small portion of the body (poison ivy) or the entire body (food reactions)
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Stages of Allergic Reactions
Stage One: Contact is Made
Stage Two: Attack is Launched
Stage Three: __________________________
Being Allergic/ Reaction to Allergies
 The body responds to allergens by releasing histamines- chemicals in the body that cause
symptoms
Common symptoms:
 Watery eyes
 ___________
 Skin rash
 __________- small raised bumps on the skin that are very itchy
Diagnosing and Treating Allergies
Diagnosing is fairly easy- hives after eating peanuts, sneezing beside a cat, and many more
There is no __________ for allergies, just ways to cope with them
Most basic way is to ____________ the allergen
Take ____________________- medicines to help control the effect triggered by histamineswhen you cannot avoid them
 Take allergy _____________- these help build immunities to the body, process usually takes five
years
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What is Asthma?
A chronic serious condition that causes air passages in the respiratory system to become
blocked or narrowed
 More than _____________ million people in the United States has asthma
 Some ________________ it at puberty, while others develop at adulthood
 Bronchial tubes are _________________ to certain substances in asthma patients
 Asthma _____________- smoke, pollution, foods, or medicines
 Cold air, strenuous activity, strong emotions, or stress can trigger attacks too
 Asthma triggers ___________ from person to person
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Managing Asthma
There is no ____________ for asthma
Those with asthma learn how to manage it and live healthy lives
Coping with asthma means _____________ triggers when possible
There are ______________ used to treat it
Some medicines block swelling the bronchial tubes and decrease to reduce the amount mucus
being produced
 ___________________- are medicines used to relax the muscles that have tightened around the
airways
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Living with Immune Reactions
 Autoimmune diseases- are diseases where a person’s immune system attacks certain cells,
tissues, and organs of the body
 Most allergies, asthma and autoimmune diseases cannot be ________________
 Genetics play a role
 There are treatments-specific to each _____________
What is Cancer?
 A disease in which cells grow uncontrollably and invade and destroy healthy tissues
 Cells die and are replaced in the body ____________
 Sometimes cells DNA instructions get changed- the size, shape, and behavior can cause the cell
to be abnormal
 As cells grow, they cause_____________- mass of abnormal cells
 Tumors may be _________ or ________________
 _____________- are cancerous and can be life threatening
 They can spread through the body, invade other organs and tissues (metastasis) , and tend to
get worse
 _______________- are not cancerous and not usually life threatening
 They do not spread to other organs or tissues
Types of Cancer
 Cancer can affect any tissue or organ in the body
 Common cancers in women
o ___________
o Ovarian
o Lung
 Common cancers in men
o _________
o Colon
o Lung
 Common cancer in children
o ____________
 Skin cancer is one of the most common types
o Basal cell carcinoma( BCC) is the most common type
o ______________is the most serious type
Assessing Your Health: Self-examination:
 Asymmetry- look for moles or markings that are not symmetrical
 Border irregularity- look for moles or markings with edges that are crooked or wavy
 Color- look for markings or moles that vary in color from one area to another
 Diameter- look for moles or markings that are larger than a pencil eraser
 20-40 years in age have a cancer check-up every 3 years
 40 and over need one yearly
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Causes of Cancer
_______________________
_______________________
Exposure to carcinogens- substances that cause cancer
Look for warning signs (pg. 486)
Diagnosing and Treating Cancer
 When a warning sign is described to a doctor they will call for a __________
 A biopsy is a sample of tissue removed to see whether cancer cells are present
 If they are detected then the doctor will order tests to determine size and location
Types of Treatment
 ____________-removing cancer cells from the body
 _____________- chemicals used to destroy cancer cells
 _____________-High-radioactive substances help destroy or shrink cancer cells
 _____________- used in combination with another treatment, it stimulates the body’s immune
system to fight infection
 _______________ –cancer is treated with hormones or medicines that interfere with
production of hormones
 When cancer signs and symptoms disappear the patient is in _______________
 Cancer in remission is not necessarily _________________
 The return of cancer after remission is-________________
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Preventing Cancer
_______________________
Be physically active
_______________________
Avoid tobacco and alcohol
What is Heart Disease?
Any condition that weakens the heart or blood vessels or interferes with the functions they
perform
 More adults in the U.S. ______ from heart disease than anything else
 Depends on age, _______________________, and hereditary
 _______________- is when arteries become hardened and become more rigid
 It reduces the amount of blood flow through arteries
 ________________ - is a form of arteriosclerosis, where fatty substances in the blood build up
on walls of the arteries
 Buildup in coronary arteries can lead to ____________________
 Build up in blood vessels can lead to _______________________
 Blood pressure is the force of blood on the inside walls of arteries
 High blood pressure is when your blood pressure is consistently higher than normal for your age
 The top number is the pressure when the heart _____________
 The bottom number is the pressure when the heart ____________
 Blood pressure ____________________ is normal
 Heart attack- is a condition where blood flow to a part of the heart is greatly reduced or blocked
( if it is more than a few minutes then cells can be damaged and die)
Signs of heart attack
 _______________, fullness, squeezing, or pain in the chest
 Pain in the shoulders, neck, or arms
 Chest discomfort with lightheadedness, fainting, sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath
 Stroke- conditions where a blood vessel bringing oxygen to the brain bursts or is blocked
Signs of stroke
 Sudden ________________ or weakness ( on one side of body)
 Sudden confusion or difficulty with speech or understanding
 Sudden difficulty seeing
 Sudden dizziness, or loss of balance and coordination
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Treating Heart Problems and Circulatory Problems
Medication
_____________________-putting a stint when plaque builds up in artery walls
Bypass surgery- taking a healthy vein from leg or chest to put a detour around a blocked vein
Heart valve surgery- replacing a faulty valve with an artificial one
________________- a small device that sends steady electrical impulses to the heart to make it
beat regularly
Preventing Heart Disease
 __________________
 Manage weight
 Manage physical activity
 __________________________________
 Manage tobacco and alcohol use
***Though it is not detected until adulthood, it can develop in childhood. Start managing your health
now
What is Arthritis?
People with arthritis have more than ____________conditions marked by pain and swelling in
body joints
 It can affect people of any _______________
 Two most common types: rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
 A chronic disease caused by pain, inflammation, swelling, and stiffness of joints
 Most _________________ of the most common forms
 Joints become _______________and often no longer function normally
 Joints affected: hands, feet, elbows, shoulders, neck, knees, hips, and ankles
 It is usually symmetrical in the body: both hands will hurt
 The cause is_________________
Treatment
 No known treatment
 Medicines to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and keep joints functioning as normal as possible
 Exercise, rest, joint protection, and physical therapy are recommended
Osteoarthritis
 Characterized by the breakdown of ______ in joints
 Areas affected: hands, knees, and hips
 Most affected are over the age of______________
Treatment
 ______________
 Hot or cold therapy
 Joint protection
 Weight reduction on joint
Chemicals and Poison
 Exposure to Environmental Dangers
 Your environment is all of the living and non-living things around you
 Some parts can be harmful
 _____________ are necessary and useful, but some are poison- can cause illness or death if
swallowed or inhaled
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Some are clearly marked and some aren’t
Poisons can be ____________________________________
Some poisons are toxins- produced by a living organism
Example-snake
Diseases Caused by Environmental Poisons
Air pollution-triggers asthma attacks or allergies
Cigarette Smoking air- birth defects or emphysema
__________________- makes plastic products- liver cancer/brain tumors
______________in materials- effect kidneys, liver, organs, convulsions, death
Learning possible dangers is the best way to avoid them
Accidents and Injuries
Diseases Caused by Injuries
 ________________ are unexpected events that cause damage , injury, or death
 Most are minor, but some can cause traumatic injuries
 Traumatic injuries- are caused by physical force
 Head injuries (example)
 Injuries can cause_____________
 Brain injury can cause- loss of memory, coordination, function of body parts, seizures and those
similar to other brain diseases
Preventing Traumatic Injuries
 _________________________________
 Do not play with guns
 ___________________________________________________________________
 Always wear appropriate safety gear when playing a sport
 Learn CPR
 ___________________________________________________________________