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Science 9 Space Exploration Topic 8: People in Space Pages 420-428 Vocabulary: read the textbook and define the following terms IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Suborbital: Microgravity: The U.S. and the former Soviet Union deeply ____________ each other and became very __________________. They tried to outdo and __________________each other. This competition thrust these countries into a space ____________ to be the first to put ______________ and _____________ into space. Breaking Free of Earth’s Gravity To escape the earth’s gravity objects must reach a speed of about ______km/s or _____________km/h The Soviet Union was the first to successfully orbit a _____________with no astronauts (Sputnik1 in 19___). The Soviets were also the first to put a person (___________ _____________) in space in 19____. The first American astronaut in space (part of Project ___________) was ________ _____________ aboard Freedom ____ in 19_____. He made a suborbital trajectory. The first American to make a full orbital flight was ______ ________in 19____. 1 What is the difference between a suborbital flight and a full orbital flight? The Apollo Program The ________ program was the next major goal of the American Space Program. It was designed to send a three person team to the _________, land ____ of them, and bring everyone back safely. In the summer of 19_____, Apollo ____ carried the first humans to the _________; namely, Edwin __________, Michael ____________ and Neil ________________. Who was the first to walk on the lunar surface and what did he say? Apollo astronauts left ___________ on the moon so that _____________ could bounce _________ pulses off them to determine the _____________ to the moon within a few _________________. Meeting In Space The first international space mission called Apollo/Soyuz was a joint effort between the __________ and _____________ flown in 19_____. It was proposed by the _______________ and it was hoped it would be a preparation for a future international effort in building a permanent _____________ _____________. Scientists had astronauts and cosmonauts do strenuous exercise in space for _______________ periods of time. Even with this exercise, their muscles were so __________ upon arrival to earth that they had to be ____________ from their space ____________ and placed in ________________ because in space there is no _____________ and muscles _____________ or deteriorate. In contrast, on earth we are always working against _____________ 2 Because the Soyuz and Apollo provided ________ support in different ways a _________ _________ type module was designed between the American and Soviet craft. The module’s atmosphere can be set to be the same as existed on either craft to make moving easier between the two. The Space Shuttle To lower the high costs of using a spacecraft only once the ___________ __________ was designed as the 19____’s drew to a close. They are ______ m long and have a mass of _______t. They are used as NASA’s primary _______ vehicle to do ______ experiments, deploy ____________, to _____________ earth, and to carry _________ crews for _____________ equipment. The first shuttle ____________ flew in 19_____ - it sustained minor _______ damage during ___________ but returned safely because its __________ tiles were intact that protect it from burning up on re-entry. Seven months later Columbia flew again but this time with the ____________-built space arm (the _______________). It has been part of all ___________ since. In 19___, the ___________ Space Agency hired Canada’s first team of ______ astronauts (_____________, _____________, ______________, ____________, ______________ and ______________. In 1992 _____________, ____________, ______________ and _____________ joined as well. These ______________ astronauts spend most of their time ___________ with the _____________ at NASA. The first Canadian in space was ____________ ___________ aboard _____________ in 19___. Roberta _____________ became the second _____________ and the first ____________ _________in space aboard _____________ in 19____. Both these astronauts were __________ specialists conducting ______________. Chris ____________has been on ____ trips into space and in 2001 he became the first Canadian to 3 “_______” in space. On this occasion he was helping to attach ____________2 (also called the Canadian space station remote manipulator system – SSRMS) which even has a special purpose dexterous manipulator also called the Canada _________. The International Space Station The ____________ Space _________ Project (ISS) involves _____ nations. It is the largest and most _________ international _____________ project ever undertaken. It will contain ____ state of the art ____________ for international _____________. In addition to the U.S. other major partners are _________, _____________, _______________ and _______________. Interestingly, _____________ has been working on its own manned __________ _________ for the last several __________ but they are somewhat secretive about this. Name 5 benefits of the International Space Station 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 Define microgravity Topic 8 Review Page 428 Do Questions 1 – 5 DUE DATE: ______________________ Topic 6-8 Wrap Up Page 429 DUE DATE: ____________________ UNIT 5 EXAM: ___________________________ 4