Download Byzantine Empire and Early Middle Ages Part 1 Terms and People

Byzantine Empire and Early Middle Ages Part 1
Terms and People
Holy Roman Empire
Pope
Byzantine Empire
Charlemagne
Constantine
Justinian Justinian's - Code
Theodora
Hagia Sophia
feudalism –
Manorialism
law –and Concepts
Keycanon
Questions
vassal –
fief –
knight –
chivalry –
manor –
serf –
sacrament –
papal supremacy –
Great Schism
1- Know how the fall of Rome and its central government led to the Dark Ages.
No central law or government. No protection, Infrastructure decays, cities not safe. Church dogma and doctrine keep lay people illiterate. Trade
stops. People move from cities to the country. Germanic Kingdoms pop up with a government of feudalism
2- Why was Constantinople known as the “New Rome.”
Roads spread through the empire. Justinian Code provided unified law. Strong central government and a strong military. Great buildings and
public works.
3- Summarize the ways in which the Byzantine Empire flourished under Justinian.
He was an autocrat. He rebuilt the city. Created the Hagia Sophia. Justinian’s code, military conquest, wealth. Education and art.
Constantinople was a center of trade and under Justinian one of the richest cities ever.
4- How was the Byzantine Empire (SPRIITE) different from the Western Empire
5- How did Justinian show he was an autocrat? Putting down the Nika Riots at the Hippodrome (blue Greens) outlawing gambling, prostitution,
massive rebuilding projects, Increasing military and gaining back Western territory, Increasing taxes all on his own decision.
6 -Explain how feudalism shaped medieval society.
after cities collapsed people went to the countryside to seek protection. Germanic Kingdoms sprang up. Mutually loyalty and obligation traded
land for service, military, crafts, food. Mixed loyalties, much warfare
7 -Analyze how the economic system of the manor worked and how it affected peasants and nobles.
A manor was granted to Nobel, lords (Vassals) in return for loyalty and to provide Knights. The manor was a self sufficient economy. All goods
and services were created at the manor or on the land (Fief) of the manor. In return, each offered loyalty and knights in support of their lord or
the person granting the Fief. Peasants gave food in return for shelter and protection Peasants paid taxes and 10% to the church. Peasants were
tied to the land for life
8 - Why under Feudalism was their much fighting and confusion
Mixed loyalties among lords and vassals lesser lords. Battles for land
9 -Explain how the Church shaped medieval life.
The church was the center of Medieval Life. A priest or bishop was needed for sacraments from birth to death: baptism, Eucharist, marriage,
sickness, penance, and last rites for death. Cathedrals would be built to create economic tourism, Relics would bring pilgrims, and the main
pilgrimage would be to Jerusalem which would lead to the Crusades.
10 - Understand monastic life and the influence of medieval monks and nuns.
Daily prayer, working in the fields, wine and bear, crops. Manuscripts: the copying of books and the bible. Flailing self-mutilation, Gregorian
Chants (music) Monasteries became profitable. 10 percent of the population became monks or Nuns. Modeled poverty piety and humility.
11-Analyze how the power of the Church grew during the Middle Ages.
Papal Supremacy made the pope and the church above any secular leaders. They controlled vast amounts of land. They had their own soldiers.
Since only church members were educated they were needed and used in kings and nobles, lord’s governments. Cannon law provided the
church with separate law all must follow. The threat of excommunication was the worst punishment of all. An Interdict could exclude a whole
town or kingdom from receiving sacraments.
12 - Describe the situation of Jews in medieval Europe.
Faced anti-Semitism, often blamed for natural disasters. Kicked out of Spain and dispersed in the Diaspora, Killed by Crusades in Germany.
Limited in occupations, yet popes turned to Jews based on their education. Jews migrated to Eastern Europe and would face anti-Semitism
there.
13 -Show the secular and church social and political hierarchy (see pyramid chart)
14-In what ways did the Church contribute to a lack of knowledge during the Dark Ages
Church dogma and doctrine limited literacy by having mass in Latin a language people did not understand. People had to follow cannon law,
going against church teachings was to be a heretic, which was punishable by excommunication, exile and death. Example Galileo and Giovani
Bruno
15. What was the Great Schism? The official split between the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches
The Western Pope and Eastern Patriarch each excommunicated each other
16-Analyze how Christianity in the Byzantine Empire differed from Christianity in the West.
West
Priests can’t marry
Pope (superior to emperor)
Latin Religious Language no one knows
Bread for the Eucharist
Christmas most important
Byzantium
Priest can marry
Emperor Superior to Patriarch
Greek language all know
Unleavened Bread for the Eucharist
Easter more important than Christmas
17-Explain why the Byzantine Empire collapsed, and examine the empire’s lasting heritage.
The Byzantine Empire In 1453 The Ottoman Turks (Muslims) attacked Constantinople after two month and the use of a new invention the
cannon the Turks breached the walls that have never been breached before. The Ottomans rename the Constantinople to Istanbul (the city) the
Hagia Sophia was turned into a Mosque. Kept Classical Greco Roman values and learning alive. Built on The arts, science and literature.
Byzantine scholars kept Scholars would leave and take their learning back to Italy that would contribute to the Renaissance.
18-Be able to compare and contrast art of the Western Empire with that of the Byzantine Empire
Western art was Hierarchal with the most important figure to the top or center. Art was 2D the value was hierarchy not realism. Jesus was
often portrayed on the cross suffering.
Eastern art featured Icons single religious figures. Essence more than realism was important. Mosaics gleaming in gold radiated that essence.
Jesus usually portrayed less suffering than the West.
19-Be able to compare and contrast Church architecture between the Western and Eastern Empire
By 1100 Hundreds of massive Gothic Cathedrals sprang up in Western Europe. Heavily decorated and carved on the outside. Tall pointing spires
reached toward heaven. With High vaulted ceilings and stained glass. The insides were not painted. Light filtered through magnificent stain
glass windows that created another worldly experience
Byzantine architecture featured the Dome the Hagia Sophia is the perfect example. Plain on the outside, but rich mosaics, paintings and
carvings made the inside beautiful. Light filtered from the dome windows creating an other worldly experience
20. What were Icons Explain the Iconoclast Movement and outcome.
Icons are images of religious figures. During the 700s Byzantines began to destroy and remove the Icons. This was known as Iconoclasm.
(against the Image) The argument was that worshiping the beloved Saints, Virgin Mary and Even images of Jesus went against the 2nd
Commandment. Many Icons were destroyed or defaced, but in the end people loved their Icons and their place returned in Byzantine art. Later
during the Protestant Reformation the Protestant with go through a period Iconoclasm. Today a person who goes against the normal is said to
be an Iconoclast.