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Name: ________________________ Period: _________ Leaders Unit One: Colonies Chart New Hampshire (New England) - Founded by John Mason (England) in 1623 - John Wheelwright - Gov. Sir John Wentworth - part of Mass. until Royal Charter received in 1679 - fishing - furs - forest (shipyards) - difficult to farm - Triangular trade (rum/slaves/ molasses) Reason the colony was settled - create fishing colony - began to grow when people left Mass for political, religious, and economic reasons Rhode Island (New England) - Founded by Roger Williams (1636); Hutchinson joined - Providence - founded on separation church/state - Received charter from English Parliament 1644 - Separatists (Puritans) from England via Holland - William Bradford elected Gov. 30 times (Pilgrim) - John Winthrop (Puritan) - fishing - furs - forest (shipyards) - difficult to farm - Triangular trade (rum/slaves/ molasses) - Williams (and Anne Hutchinson) banished from Mass. b/c beliefs. Minister in Salem; challenged Puritan rule (taking Indians’ land). - Fishing, furs, forests - farming difficult - Triangular trade - Govt based on will of the majority - Became Royal Colony in 1691 - Boston significant - Pilgrims fleeing persecution, looking for religious freedom. Created Mayflower Compact (form of govt) before landing at Plymouth 1620 - Puritans (separatists from Anglican Church) came: 20K by 1640 Massachusetts (New England) Economic activity Relations with Native Americans - New England Confederation created to defense against Indians, Dutch, and French - King Philip’s War (1675-78) greatly defeated natives Religion - More freedom than in Mass. (reason to settle) - Williams believed in freedom of religion and separation of church/state - First colony to guarantee all citizens freedom of worship - New England Confederation created to defense against Indians, Dutch, and French - King Philip’s War (1675-78) greatly defeated natives - Puritans (pious, selfdisciplined) only Name: ________________________ Period: _________ Connecticut (New England) Pennsylvania (Middle) Delaware (Middle) New Jersey (Middle) - Founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636 - Pastor of church in Cambridge, MA; led congregation to Hartford - first written constitution in America - Received charter 1662 confirming self-government - Founded by William Penn in 1682 - fishing - furs - forest (shipyards) - better farming then rest of New England - Triangular trade (rum/slaves/ molasses) - Hooker led group leaving Mass. b/c harsh rules - wanted more freedom and financial opportunities - New England Confederation created to defense against Indians, Dutch, and French - King Philip’s War (1675-78) greatly defeated natives - Pequot War (16361637) by end of war, Pequot Indians decimated - Not as religious - one of the largest and richest by 1700 - farming grain - livestock - trading with New England (raw materials for manufactured items) - peaceful; fair treatment - trade - Quakers had been persecuted in England - Freedom of worship and religion for all citizens - opposed violence, rank, and pride - Part of New Sweden (part of New Netherland) founded by Peter Minuit in 1682 - Duke of York renamed Delaware (same time NY) - New Sweden Company - farming grain - livestock - trading with New England (raw materials for manufactured items) - “holy experiment” - Quakers escaping persecution in England - representative assembly elected by all landowners - also business venture - Part of Penn. and governed by Penn. until Revolutionary War - Penn granted own assembly in 1701 - Began as land given by friend James, Duke of York as a business venture - traded - Freedom of religion - Berkeley and Carteret sold to Quakers in 1702 - Founded by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret in 1664 - Became Royal Colony in 1702 - Colony gave liberal land grants - Quickly grew - farming grain - livestock - trading with New England (raw materials for manufactured items) Name: ________________________ Period: _________ New York (Middle) - Founded by Duke of York in 1664 - Became Royal Colony in 1685 - farming grain - livestock - trading with New England (raw materials for manufactured items) - Originally New Netherland (Dutch) - In 1664 Duke of York had bloodless takeover - Albany Congress (1754) helped unite colonies for defense against Iroquois Confederacy Virginia (Southern) - Jamestown first permanent English settlement (1607) by London Company - King James revoked Virginia Company’s charter when bankrupt in 1624 - John Smith - John Rolfe - Nathaniel Bacon - Cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo) - large plantations worked by slaves and indentured servants (spread out; prevented growth of towns) - traded primarily with England - Began to flourish with private land ownership - Made a Royal Colony in 1624 - gain wealth/profit - convert natives to Christianity - King scared of representation in House of Burgesses - Chief Powhatan - Pocahontas - not significant Maryland (Southern) - Founded by Lord Baltimore (George Calvert) in 1634 - Grant from King Charles I to create haven for Catholics - proprietary colony (Lord Baltimore owned it with goal to make fortunes) - treated Indians fairly and got along - Just Catholics until 1649 Toleration Act allowed all Christians freedom of worship to all Christians Carolina (Southern) - Lost colony of Roanoke by Sir Walter Raleigh (1585-1587) - Founded by Virginians in 1653 - Second Lord Baltimore (son) owned all land and could use or sell it as he wished - Cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo) - large plantations worked by slaves and indentured servants (spread out; prevented growth of towns) - traded primarily with England - Cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo) - large plantations worked by slaves and indentured servants (spread out; prevented - proprietors hoping to make money (allowed little selfgovernment) - Virginians wanting to move south - traded furs - not significant Name: ________________________ Period: _________ - Charter form King Charles II (1663) to 8 nobles to settle Georgia (Southern) - Founded by James Oglethorpe 1732 from charter by King George II growth of towns) - traded primarily with England - one of the wealthiest colonies - due to internal problems, crown took over in 1729 and made two separate Royal Colonies - Port Charleston - Port of Savannah - Began with little landholdings and no slavery. Plantations and slavery came when changed to Royal Colony in 1752 - Cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo) - traded primarily with England - collection of disparate settlers, often led to internal problems - debtors colony for the honest, but impoverished - Buffer between SC and Spanish-owned Florida - not significant Name: ________________________ Period: _________