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Zoology Review
1.
What is the definition of ecology?
The study of the interactions between organisms with one another and their environment
2. All areas of life science build upon something simpler and smaller.
Give the order of each level of organization from smallest to largest
Cells
Tissue
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
3. What are the five characteristics that all living things share?
Made of cells
Use energy
Respond to surrounding environment
Reproduce
Grow and develop
4. Give an example of how the numbers of organisms found in a specific population depend on a
specific abiotic factor found in their environment. What would happen if that abiotic factor was
removed from the environment?
Rocks in a desert is an example of an abiotic factor you can find in an environment. If they were removed
then the animals like a population of rock dwelling lizards which rely on them for building homes and
protecting themselves from the heat would die. If a whole population of lizards dies then the larger predators
which rely on those lizards for food would die.
5. Give an example of how the numbers of organisms found in a specific population depend on a
specific biotic factor found in their environment. What would happen if that biotic factor was
suddenly increased in the environment?
If the amount of insects in an environment suddenly increases there is now an increase in food supply for
smaller animals. More food would result in more smaller animals. More smaller animal would cause an
increase in larger animals, this chain reaction could cause too overpopulation and lose of habitat for other
organisms in the environment.
6. Describe ways that human activities can change the number of populations in an ecosystem and then explain
what would happen if our actions destroyed one entire population, what effect would that have on other
populations found there?
Humans can change the number of populations in an ecosystem by actions like pollution-. When we add
harmful chemicals to the water, air and land we are slowly destroying the ecosystems which the animals
need to survive. If pollution causes a population of fish to die then the birds who depend on those fish for
food will either have to move away or die from starvation. The larger animals which eat those birds will then
lose their source of food also causing them to either die or have to move away.
7. What do you call the interaction between animals when one animal benefits from their relationship and the
other is not affected at all?
Commensalism
8. What do you call the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment?
Abiotic
9. What do you call an animal that eats other animals to survive?
Predation
10. What do you call an animal that lives off of another animal usually harming the animal it is living on?
Parasite
11. What do you call the interaction where one organism kills and eats another organism for food?
Predator
12. What do you call the living parts of an organism’s environment?
Biotic
13. What do you call Behaviors or physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their
environment?
Adaptations
14. What do you call a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species?
Symbiosis
15. What do you call the interaction where there is a struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use
the same limited resource?
Competition
The 11 human body systems are as follows: (Match each system to the correct function)
15. Nervous system* _E_
16. Respiratory system*__A_
17. Excretory system _G__
18. Muscular system __B__
19. Endocrine system __F_
20. Immune system _H__
21. Reproductive system __I_
22. Circulatory system*_D__
23. Digestive system*_C__
24. Skeletal system*_J__
25. Integumentary system _K_
A. Absorbs oxygen
B. Moves bones
C. Breaks down food
D. Pumps blood
E. Sends and receives electrical signals
F. Regulates body function
G. Gets rid of waste
H. Body’s defense against illness
I. Produces reproductive cells
J. Provides a frame and support
K. Protects underlying tissues
26.The purpose of the 11 organ systems is for the human body to maintain Homeostasis .
What is homeostasis? The bodies maintenance of a stable internal environment
Give an example of how the body performs homeostasis:
Body temperature- When we get hot we sweat when we get cold we shiver
Blood sugar levels-Too much sugar in the blood, pancreas secretes insulin to lower the amount of sugar
Blood pressure-When blood pressure rises, the heart slows down to reduce pressure in the blood vessels
27. Name the 8 organs that make up the digestive system and describe their function.
28.What are the digestive organs that make up the digestive track? **(in order)
_Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine
30. Name the five senses the human body has.
Sight, Touch, Taste, Smell, Hearing
31. The nervous system is made up of two systems. What are they?
Central Nervous System CNS
Peripheral Nervous System PNS
32.What two organs make up the CNS?
Brain
Spinal Cord
33. What is the overall function of the CNS? The control center of the body
34. What organs makes up the PNS? Nerves
35. What is the overall function of the PNS? Carries information
36. What are the three parts of the human brain and what do they control?
Cerebrum 
Controls memory, problem solving, thinking & feeling. It also controls movement
Cerebellum 
Controls coordination and balance
Brain Stem 
Controls automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate and digestion
37. What are the 9 organs (in order) that make up the respiratory system and what are their functions?
Nose -- Entry and exit point for air
Pharynx--Passage way for both air and food (back of throat)
Epiglottis -- Skin flap that covers the trachea when we swallow
Larynx-- "Voicebox" - Helps you speak using vocal chords
Trachea--"Windpipe" Connects your pharynx to your lungs
Bronchial Tubes--Give oxygen to the blood
Alveoli- Small round sacs which meet up with your
blood vessels found at the end of your bronchial tubes.
Lungs -- 2 large organs in the chest that hold oxygen
Diaphragm -- Muscles that cause you to breath
38. What is the major muscle of the circulatory system? Heart
39. How many chambers does the human heart have? Four
40. Label the chambers of a human heart.
41. What are the three types of blood vessels and what are their functions?
Arteries
Carry blood Away from the heart and to the major organs of the body (Have oxygen)
Veins
Carry blood Towards the heart away from the major organs (No oxygen)
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels for gas exchange, they connect the arteries and veins
42. What are the three types of blood cells and what is their function?
Red Blood Cells
Carry and deliver oxygen and nutrients to all of the cells of the body
White Blood Cells
Part of the immune system. Fight off bad bacteria and viruses
Platelets
Clot our blood when we get a cut
43. What are seven reasons why bones are so important? 1. Structure 2. Support 3. Protection
4. Make Red Blood Cells 5. Make White Blood Cells 6. Make Platelets 7. Store Minerals
44. How many bones do we have in our adult bodies?
45. How many bones do we have when we are born?
206
300
46. All of the different cells in our body look completely different.
Explain one reason why Nerve cells and Red blood cells look so different.
The Nerve Cells have to transport information to one another with chemicals and electricity.
The Red Blood Cell works by itself to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the different cells of the body.
47. How do all cells in the body rely on the respiratory system? All cells in the body need oxygen to work and
the respiratory system supplies the body's cells with oxygen
48. How do all cells in the body rely on the digestive system? All cells in the body need nutrients to work and
the digestive system supplies the body's cell with nutrients
49. How do all cells in the body rely on the skeletal system? All cells in the body need oxygen and nutrients
to work and the skeletal system makes the blood which delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body's
cells.
50. How do all cells in the body rely on the circulatory system? All cells in the body need oxygen and
nutrients to work and the circulatory system delivers blood which brings oxygen and nutrients to the
body's cells.
51. How do all cells in the body rely on the nervous system? The nervous system controls all of the organ
systems and organs in the body making the delivery of information possible
52. What system is the most important and why? There is no one system that is the most important. They
all require each other in order to function properly.