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BIO 11
BIODIVERSITY TEST REVIEW
1. The scientific name Homo sapiens indicates that organisms given this name
a. belong to the species Homo.
c. belong to the class Homo.
b. belong to the genus Homo.
d. belong to the phylum Homo.
2. Which kind of evidence would help most to classify an organism?
a. the organism’s habitat
b. the evolutionary relationships of the organism
c. the organism’s eating habits
d. the function of the organism’s body parts
3. Which is true of organisms classified in the same genus?
a. They are in the same order but in different families.
b. They belong to the same species but could be in different phyla.
c. They must be in the same kingdom but could be in different phyla.
d. They are in the same kingdom but may be of different species.
4. The science of classification is called __taxonomy_
5. The most inclusive taxon is the __kingdom__
6. Carolus Linnaeus introduced a system of naming organisms called __binomial
nomenclature_
7. Modem classification uses techniques of molecular biology, in particular the
analysis of proteins and __DNA__
_false_ 8. DNA can reveal close evolutionary relationships but cannot help to
determine when two organisms began to diverge.
_true _ 9. The evolutionary history of an organism is called its phylogeny.
12. Fungi include mushrooms, shelf fungi and yeast, none of which have roots, stem,
leaves or chlorophyll pigments. Fungi are heterotrophs, plants are autotrophs
(phototrophs).
13.
14.
DNA analysis would demonstrate the possible hybrid condition of the animal.
The coyote and gray wolf could be placed in a mating situation to see if they
produce a red wolf. Fossil records for the three animals could also be examined.
(a) Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the classification and
naming of living things.
(b) Linnaeus used structural similarities as a basis for his
classification system.
(c) Structural similarities can be measured and are less likely to
change.
15. (a) Binomial nomenclature is a two-name system of identifying
organisms.
(b) A genus os a group of closely related species.
(c) A species is all organisms of one kind that can interbreed and
produce fertile offspring in nature.
17.
(a) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
(b) Genus and Species.
18. (a) Common structural feature include backbone, fur, mammary gland, 4 legs.
(b) Differences include the ability to climb, retractable claws, relative size
and shape of heads.
(c) Kingdom, Phylum, Class.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
(d) Humans belong to the order Primates. Cats and dogs belong to the order
Carnivora. Primates have larger brains, walk upright on two legs, have
the ability to grasp and manipulate objects and they are generally
omnivorous.
Organisms are grouped according to relationships between different
organisms. Early biologists believed that varieties and species of living
things were fixed and unchanging. Today, most scientists believe that
organisms have changed over time. Phylogeny, often referred to as the
foundation of taxonomy, is the history of the evolution of a species or a
group of organisms. Organisms were initially organized according to
structural similarities and differences. It is believed that organisms that
arose from a common ancestor would be more similar. Newer methods
and techniques (including radioactive dating of rocks, comparative
biochemistry, and DNA studies) have contributed greatly to a clearer
understanding of the evolutionary history and interrelationships among
organisms.
(d)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
30.
The black-footed wildcat and the European wildcat are most closely related to the house cat (they are all of the genus felis).
21.
31. Scientific names indicate which organisms are more closely related such
as those with the same genus name. For example, the lion, tiger, and
jaguar all belong to the same genus, panthera. This indicates that they
share many similar characteristics.
33.
(a) Many answers are possible. The characteristics of protists, fungi, and
bacteria do not fit into the grouping of plants or animals. For example,
fungi have cell walls like plants, but do not contain chlorophyll. Some
protists move in ways similar to animals, but many of these organisms also
contain chloroplasts.
(b) Bacteria were not seen by Aristotle. Some organisms may have chlorophyll
and cell walls similar to plants but they also lack a nuclear membrane.
Other bacteria have flagella—a characteristic of animals and protists; they
also lack chlorophyll. Plant cells and animal cells have a different
appearance when viewed under a microscope. If Aristotle had been aware of
this, he may have developed a different classification scheme. Both plant
and animal cells have a true nucleus. Plant cells have cell walls and
chlorophyll, while animal cells have no cell walls or chlorophyll. Some
bacteria and protists would have been difficult for Aristotle to classify as
plants or animals. Bacteria have no true nuclei, but contain cell walls; some
bacteria contain chlorophyll. Euglena has chloroplasts, but no cell wall.
Euglena also has a true nucleus. Fungi have cell walls and nuclei, but no
chlorophyll.
35.