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Unit 6 Organizer: The Civil War & Reconstruction: 1861—1877 The Big Picture: By 1861, sectional issues over states’ rights, influence over national politics, and slavery erupted in a Civil War between the Union and Confederacy. With a larger population, industrial capacity, and railroad network, the Union army was able to erode the South’s greatest strengths, its military leadership and defensive strategy. Key battles turned the tide of the war: Antietam brought an end to “King Cotton diplomacy” and a shift in the Union goal from “preserve the Union” to the emancipation of slaves. Gettysburg marked the beginning of Union success on the battlefield. When the war ended after Appomattox, the U.S. government was divided in how to bring Southern states back into the Union and protect emancipated slaves. President Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction plan (1865-1867) proved too lenient and offered little protection for African-Americans and was replaced with a more strict policy developed by Radical Republicans. Despite military districts, new Constitutional amendments, and a Freedman’s Bureau, the national government could not sustain Reconstruction attempts against white resistance, Redeemer Democrats, and the KKK. As a result of the “second corrupt bargain,” President Hayes ended Reconstruction in 1877. Current Unit: Last Unit: Manifest Destiny and Sectionalism (1840—1860) The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861—1877) Schedule & Homework : 09/13 Outbreak of the Civil War Civil War: 1861-1862 09/14 Civil War: 1863-1865 and Reconstruction 09/13 Read Ch 3.2 and answer #1-14 09/14 Read Ch 3.3 and answer #15-28 Examining Reconstruction Plans 09/17 Successes/Failures of Reconstruction 09/18 Unit 6 Quiz 09/17 Read Ch 3.4 and answer #29-45 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Next Unit: The Gilded Age (1870—1900) Key Terms and Phrases: Union vs. Confederacy 15. Battle for Atlanta “Preserve the Union” 16. Appomattox Anaconda Plan 17. Emancipation Proclamation Jefferson Davis 18. Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln 19. Reconstruction Ulysses S. Grant 20. Presidential Reconstruction Robert E. Lee 21. Radical Reconstruction Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson 22. Radical Republicans William Tecumseh Sherman 23. Freedman’s Bureau Fort Sumter 24. Reconstruction Amendments Bull Run (Manassas) 25. Black Codes Antietam 26. Ku Klux Klan Gettysburg 27. Andrew Johnson Vicksburg 28. Impeachment Essentials Questions: 1. Why did the Union win (and why did the Confederacy lose) the Civil War? 2. How did Lincoln’s role as president and his war goals change from the beginning to end of the Civil War? 3. In what ways were the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg turning points in the Civil War? 4. What were the major differences between President Johnson’s and Radical Republicans’ Reconstruction plans and how did these plans impact the nation after the Civil War? 5. How successful were national attempts to reconstruct the South after the Civil War? Course Website: http://www.harlan-ind.k12.ky.us/olc/teacher.aspx?s=997 ACT Standards Unit 6 Reading Guide Civil War and Reconstruction Chapter 3 Section 1. Which four Southern states seceded after the bombardment of Fort Sumter? Name ___________________________________Pd _______ Chapter 3 Section 4 29. What was Lincoln’s main goal for Reconstruction? 2. Which four slave states remained in the Union throughout the war? 30. The Wade–Davis Bill gave which branch of the federal government the power to oversee reconstruction? 3. What four advantages did the Union enjoy over the Confederacy? 4. What was the three part plan (the “Anaconda Plan”) of the Union at the beginning of the Civil War? 31. How many of the newly elected Congressmen from the “reconstructed states” were allowed to take their seats in Congress in 1865? 5. The first major battle of the Civil War (a Southern victory) was: 6. The commander of the Army of the Potomac following the defeat at Bull Run was: 7. How did Lincoln deal with dissenters? 8. What two ironclad ships fought to a draw in 1862, signaling the end of wooden naval ships? 9. What new weapons led to more casualties? 10. What battle was the bloodiest single day of fighting during the entire Civil War? 32. Why did Andrew Johnson veto the Freedmen’s Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866? 33. Which was the only former Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth amendment when it was created by Congress? 34. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 split the former Confederacy into how many military districts? 35. Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached by Congress? 36. In what state did African Americans dominate the state legislature? 37. Who were the “scalawags?” Who were the “Carpetbaggers?” 11. What position did Great Britain take towards the fighting in America during the Civil War? 12. Why did President Lincoln’s “Emancipation Proclamation” not immediately free any slaves? 38. Why did the African American population in Southern cities double by 1870? 39. Why was illiteracy at such a high percentage among African Americans at the end of the Civil War? 13. Who were the “Copperheads?” 14. Which Northern major city faced “draft riots” in 1863? 15. By the end of the Civil War, how many African Americans were in the Union Army? 16. How did the federal government pay for the war? 17. Why did the Confederacy face a food shortage during the Civil War? 18. What sparked food riots in the South? 19. What battle marked the last attempt of the Confederacy to invade the North? 20. What is total war? 21. What role did women play in the war? 22. In what state was the Battle of Gettysburg? 23. Who was given command of all Union forces in March 1864? 24. Why was General Sherman’s army so harsh as it marched through South Carolina? 25. Where did Lee surrender to Grant? 26. What side had the most casualties 27. About how many Americans (Union and Confederate) died as a result of the Civil War? 28. What was the cause of most soldier causalities? 40. What was the goal of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)? 41. How did white Democrats win control of Mississippi, Florida, South Carolina and Louisiana? 42. Who was President during the Credit Mobilier and Whiskey Ring scandals? 43. Whose election ended Reconstruction? 44. Describe the Reconstruction Amendments: 13th amendment, 14th amendment, 15th amendment 45. What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?