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A Time to Review – Imperialism As Well As Woodrow Wilson and World War I US History/Napp Name: ________________ 1. The Roosevelt Corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine proclaimed the right of the United States to (1) intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nations (2) impose trade restrictions on European imports (3) promote democracy in Africa (4) determine the border between Alaska and Canada 2. During World War I, what was President Woodrow Wilson’s purpose in outlining the Fourteen Points? (1) asking Congress for additional funding for the war effort (2) suggesting a peace plan to prevent future wars (3) proposing war crimes trials for leaders of enemy nations (4) calling for military alliances against aggressor nations 3. In the early 1900s, the United States proposed the Open Door policy to (1) gain new colonies in the Pacific (2) win support for building the Panama Canal (3) improve relations with Europe (4) secure access to markets in China 4. The Federal Reserve System was created in 1913 to (1) authorize Congress to set interest rates (2) regulate the nation’s money supply (3) allow the government to own the nation’s banks (4) take over the responsibility of printing money 5. Which title best completes the partial outline below? I. __________________________________ A. No government without consent of the governed B. High cost of defending territories outside the United States C. United States tradition of noninvolvement (1) America’s New Immigration Policy (2) Reasons for Overseas Expansion (3) Causes of the Spanish-American War (4) Arguments Opposing Imperialism 6. After World War I, one way in which the Red Scare, the passing of the Quota Acts, and the growth of the Ku Klux Klan were similar is that they all (1) exploited fears about people who were considered un-American (2) encouraged the assimilation of new immigrants into American society (3) supported the goals of the suffrage movement (4) exhibited prejudice against African Americans 7. The explosion of the USS Maine and the practice of yellow journalism played a significant role in the (1) public’s support for the SpanishAmerican War (2) creation of the Open Door policy (3) acquisition of Florida (4) purchase of Alaska 8. The United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles after World War I because many senators believed (1) President Woodrow Wilson was too ill to sign the treaty (2) most Americans had sympathized with Germany during the war (3) the treaty would not require reparations from Germany (4) the League of Nations could draw the United States into future wars 9. President Theodore Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine primarily affected Latin America by (1) guaranteeing human rights throughout the Western Hemisphere (2) supporting independence movements in many countries (3) encouraging immigration to the United States (4) increasing United States intervention in the region 10. One way in which the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907) are similar is that they (1) reflected nativist attitudes in the United States (2) encouraged a policy of popular sovereignty (3) led to an increase in Asian immigration (4) eased requirements for citizenship 11. Which headline related to the SpanishAmerican War is an example of yellow journalism? (1) “President McKinley Asks Congress for War Declaration Against Spain” (2) “United States Mobilizes for War with Spain” (3) “United States Demands Response to Spanish Actions” (4) “Spanish Troops Slaughter Innocent Cuban Citizens” 12. The Federal Reserve System was created in 1913 to (1) regulate the money supply (2) operate mints to coin money (3) collect tax revenues (4) protect deposits in savings banks 13. During World War I, President Woodrow Wilson used his wartime powers to (1) win passage of quota acts (2) grant all women the right to vote (3) expand freedom of the press (4) increase government control of the economy 14. The Senate’s opposition to United States membership in the League of Nations was based mainly on the (1) cost of membership dues (2) failure to give the United States veto power (3) fear of being drawn into future wars (4) concern that United States businesses would be damaged 15. In the 1890s, the main goal of those who supported United States imperialism was to (1) bring self-government to areas under United States control (2) obtain overseas markets and naval bases (3) defend against attacks by enemy nations (4) spread democracy to Africa and Latin America 16. Henry Cabot Lodge and other senators opposed ratification of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) because they believed the treaty (1) failed to punish Germany for its involvement in World War I (2) excluded reparations for European allies (3) could draw the United States into future conflicts (4) placed blame for World War I on all the warring countries 17. “We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you…” ~ Telegram of January 19, 1917 This telegram was part of an effort to (1) form an alliance between Germany and the United States (2) convince several western states to secede from the United States (3) bring Mexico into World War I on the side of Great Britain and France (4) enlist Mexican support for Germany if the United States declared war 18. Publication of this telegram in United States newspapers helped to (1) reelect Woodrow Wilson as president (2) convince the American public to support entrance into World War I (3) encourage Congress to pass neutrality legislation (4) grant statehood to Arizona and New Mexico 19. What was the primary reason many African Americans migrated to the North both during and after World War I? (1) More economic opportunities existed in the North. (2) Few chances to gain political office were available in the South. (3) Racism and discrimination had been eliminated in the North. (4) Southern cities were overcrowded. 20. Which action was a result of the other three? (1) Germany’s policy of unrestricted submarine warfare (2) United States entry into World War I (3) interception of the Zimmermann Note (4) United States loans to Allied nations 21. The vote by the United States Senate on the Treaty of Versailles (1919) demonstrated (1) an unwillingness to join the League of Nations (2) a commitment to collective security (3) a belief that the nation required a stronger military (4) a rejection of colonialism 22. Yellow journalism contributed to the start of the Spanish-American War (1898) by (1) portraying William McKinley as a prowar president (2) inciting public outrage over conditions in Cuba (3) showing the need to acquire colonies in the Pacific (4) demanding the repeal of the Gentlemen’s Agreement 23. The United States tried to avoid involvement in World War I by following a policy of (1) neutrality (2) collective security (3) economic boycotts (4) military preparedness 24. The main reason for increased migration of African Americans out of the rural South during and following World War I was the (1) availability of farmland in the West (2) opportunity for factory jobs in the North (3) chance to escape racial segregation by joining the military (4) elimination of the Ku Klux Klan in the northern States 25. Which event most influenced President Woodrow Wilson’s decision to enter World War I? (1) defeat of Russia by Germany (2) assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (3) raids by Mexico on the southwestern United States (4) renewal of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany 30. The “clear and present danger” doctrine established in Schenck v. United States (1919) concerned the issue of (1) freedom of speech (2) the right to bear arms (3) the right to an attorney (4) separation of church and state 27. Isolationists in the Senate objected to the United States joining the League of Nations because they opposed (1) creation of the Security Council (2) colonialism in Africa and Asia (3) membership in the League by Germany (4) involvement in future foreign wars 32. Many United States senators refused to support membership in the League of Nations because they believed that it would (1) endanger United States economic growth (2) force the United States to give up its colonies (3) grant the president the power to annex new territory (4) involve the United States in future foreign conflicts 31. Yellow journalists created support for the Spanish-American War by writing articles about the 26. A major reason the United States (1) political popularity of William Jennings entered World War I was to Bryan (1) maintain freedom of the seas (2) efforts of the United States to control (2) stop impressment of United States sailors Mexico (3) protect United States cities from foreign (3) destruction of United States sugar attacks plantations by Hawaiians (4) counter a German invasion of Latin (4) sinking of the United States battleship America Maine in Havana Harbor 28. Which factor is most closely associated with the decision of the United States to declare war on Spain in 1898? (1) isolationist policy (2) labor union pressure (3) yellow journalism (4) unrestricted submarine warfare 29. A major purpose of President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points (1918) was to (1) ask Congress to enter World War I (2) set goals for achieving peace after World War I (3) provide an aid program for rebuilding war-torn nations (4) retaliate for the sinking of the Lusitania 33. News organizations were engaging in yellow journalism before the SpanishAmerican War when (1) publishers tried to prevent the war (2) articles about Cuba were fair and balanced (3) editors exaggerated events to build support for war (4) writers ignored the situation in Cuba 34. “…There’s no chance of progress and reform in an administration in which war plays the principal part…” ~ President-elect Woodrow Wilson, 1913 In this statement, President-elect Wilson was expressing the belief that (1) the United States should enter World War I immediately (2) reform movements are strengthened by war (3) the nation will require a change in leadership if it goes to war (4) the Progressive movement would be best served by continued peace 35. In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court decided that a “clear and present danger” to the country allowed the federal government to (1) establish a peacetime draft (2) restrict first amendment rights (3) suspend habeas corpus (4) limit minority voting rights 36. One reason the United States Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles after World War I was that many senators (1) were concerned about future United States obligations in foreign affairs (2) rejected United States colonial practices in Asia (3) wanted immediate repayment of war debts from France (4) supported increased foreign aid to Germany 37. The United States issued the Open Door policy (1899–1900) primarily to (1) bring democratic government to the Chinese people (2) secure equal trade opportunities in China (3) force China to change its immigration policies (4) use China as a stepping stone to trade with Japan 38. Today, the Federal Reserve System attempts to stabilize the economy of the United States by (1) requiring federal budgets be prepared and presented to Congress (2) levying and collecting income taxes (3) regulating interest rates and the money supply (4) backing all currency with silver and gold 39. What was a major reason the United States entered World War I (1917)? (1) The Japanese had occupied Manchuria. (2) Foreign troops had landed on American soil. (3) The Austro-Hungarian Empire had invaded Belgium. (4) Germany had resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. 40. What was one effect of the Bolshevik Revolution (October 1917) on the United States? (1) Nativism increased, leading to the Red Scare. (2) Federal courts banned anti-immigrant groups. (3) The Allied powers needed fewer United States troops. (4) Immigration laws were changed to allow refugees from Russia. 41. What was the effect of the “clear and present danger” ruling established in Schenck v. United States (1919)? (1) placing limits on constitutional freedoms (2) decreasing the president’s powers during wartime (3) limiting the hours women could work in industry (4) upholding the right of states to regulate child labor 42. “Hawaiian Planters Urge American Annexation” “U.S. and Germany Negotiate for Control of the Samoan Islands” “U.S. Gains Control of Wake Island and Guam” Which conclusion can best be drawn from these headlines? (1) The Anti-Imperialist League strongly influenced Congress. (2) Respect for native cultures motivated United States foreign policy. (3) United States territorial expansion increased in the Pacific Ocean. (4) Construction of a railroad to Alaska was a major policy goal. 43. The Federal Reserve System was created in 1913 to (1) protect endangered species (2) reduce tariff rates (3) collect income taxes (4) regulate the nation’s money supply 44. President Woodrow Wilson’s policy of strict neutrality during the early years of World War I was challenged by (1) German violations of freedom of the seas (2) British disrespect for the Roosevelt corollary (3) attacks by Mexicans on United States border towns (4) the refusal of the League of Nations to supply peacekeepers 45. The United States promoted its economic interest in China by (1) intervening in the Sino-Japanese War (2) passing the Chinese Exclusion Act (3) encouraging the Boxer Rebellion (4) adopting the Open Door policy 46. After World War I, the United States Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles. This action reflected the Senate’s intention to (1) provide support for the League of Nations (2) punish the nations that began the war (3) return to a policy of isolationism (4) maintain United States leadership in world affairs 47. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the United States became involved in Latin America primarily to (1) establish new colonies (2) protect economic and security interests (3) raise the living standards of Latin Americans (4) stop the flow of illegal drugs into the United States 48. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was intended to (1) create a national parks system (2) regulate the stock market (3) control the nation’s money supply (4) establish homelands for Native American Indians 49. Which geographic feature most influenced the ability of the United States to protect its mainland from attack during World War I? (1) Gulf of Mexico (3) Pacific Ocean (2) Great Lakes (4) Atlantic Ocean 50. Which argument was used by the Supreme Court in reaching its “clear and present danger” ruling in Schenck v. United States (1919)? (1) The military is under civilian control. (2) Powers are separated between the federal and state governments. (3) Constitutional rights are not absolute. (4) The Constitution provides for equal protection under the laws 51. A major purpose of both the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan (1907) was to (1) limit immigration of certain ethnic groups (2) enrich America’s cultural diversity (3) treat all Asian and European immigrants equally (4) relocate Asians displaced by war 52. President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy is most closely associated with (1) friendly relations with China after the Boxer Rebellion (2) conservation of natural resources (3) court actions to support business monopolies (4) intervention in Latin American affairs 53. As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States saw the need to build the Panama Canal because (1) new colonies had been acquired in Africa (2) Spanish opposition to the canal had ended (3) the United States navy could then move more quickly between oceans (4) United States railroads could not transport enough manufactured goods 54. The United States found it difficult to remain neutral during the first three years of World War I because of its desire to (1) expand its interests in the Caribbean (2) control the Suez Canal (3) maintain freedom of the seas for trade with European nations (4) obtain migrant workers for American farms 55. Which two geographic features most influenced United States foreign policy throughout the 19th century? (1) Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean (2) Gulf of Mexico and Missouri River (3) Great Lakes and Hudson River (4) Appalachian Mountains and Rocky Mountains 56. Prior to entering World War I, the United States protested Germany’s use of submarine warfare primarily because it (1) violated the Monroe Doctrine (2) discouraged immigration to the United States (3) posed a direct threat to American cities (4) violated the principle of freedom of the seas 57. What was a primary reason for the great migration of African Americans to northern cities during World War I? (1) Job opportunities were available in northern factories. (2) Jim Crow laws in the South had been repealed. (3) Voting rights laws had been passed in northern states. (4) The federal government had guaranteed an end to discrimination. 58. The Spanish-American War (1898) marked a turning point in United States foreign policy because the United States (1) developed a plan for peaceful coexistence (2) emerged as a major world power (3) pledged neutrality in future European conflicts (4) refused to become a colonial power 59. A primary reason for the establishment of the Open Door policy (1899) was to (1) protect United States trade in the Far East (2) gain control of the Panama Canal Zone (3) encourage Chinese immigration to the United States (4) improve relations with Russia 60. The Federal Reserve System helps to regulate (1) the annual federal budget (2) state sales tax rates (3) Social Security payments (4) the nation’s money supply 61. Which issue was the focus of the Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States (1919)? (1) freedom of speech for war protesters (2) relocation of ethnic minority groups (3) use of detention camps for enemy aliens (4) integration of military forces 62. By proclaiming the Open Door policy in 1899, the United States was attempting to (1) keep Japan from attacking and colonizing China (2) increase trade between Russia and the United States (3) ensure equal trading opportunities in China (4) prevent European countries from colonizing the Western Hemisphere 63. President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy was used by the United States to (1) police the Western Hemisphere (2) expand its colonial empire in Africa (3) isolate itself from European conflicts (4) settle dispute between Russia and Japan 64. In the years before the United States entered World War I, President Woodrow Wilson violated his position of strict neutrality by (1) secretly sending troops to fight for the democratic nations (2) openly encouraging Mexico to send troops to support the Allies (3) supporting economic policies that favored the Allied nations (4) using United States warships to attack German submarines 65. In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court upheld the right of government to protect national security during wartime by (1) nationalizing important industries that supported the war effort (2) limiting speech that presented a clear and present danger to the nation (3) suspending the writ of habeas corpus for illegal aliens (4) expelling enemy aliens who had favored the Central Powers 66. The main reason the United States implemented the Open Door policy in China was to (1) promote immigration (2) expand democratic reforms (3) encourage religious freedom (4) guarantee access to markets 67. Which United States policy is most closely associated with the annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines? (1) neutrality (2) isolationism (3) imperialism (4) international cooperation 68. The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States (1919) stated that (1) immigrants have limited rights (2) freedom of speech is not absolute (3) rights of the accused may not be limited (4) women should be granted suffrage 69. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were proposed during World War I primarily to (1) define postwar objectives for the United States (2) outline military strategies for the United States (3) convince other democratic nations to join the United Nations (4) strengthen the United States policy of Isolationism 70. To improve distribution of money and guarantee an adequate money supply, President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to (1) eliminate the gold standard (2) limit foreign investment (3) provide insurance for bank deposits (4) establish the Federal Reserve System 71. The clear-and-present danger doctrine established in Schenck v. United States (1919) permits the government to (1) declare war on any nation that attacks the United States (2) limit speech that threatens the security of the nation (3) break up monopolies that limit business competition (4) outlaw organizations that threaten the civil rights of others 72. When the Federal Reserve Board lowers interest rates, it is most likely attempting to (1) stimulate consumer spending (2) lower prices (3) encourage saving (4) reduce investment 73. I.____________________________________ A. Sea power is the key to national greatness. B. United States missionaries spread Christian principles. C. The Anglo-Saxon civilization is the best in the world. D. Sugar plantations in Hawaii were developed by Americans. (1) Reasons to Declare War on Spain (2) Justification for American Imperialism (3) Theodore Roosevelt’s Political Platform (4) Yellow Journalism in Newspapers 74. Which title best completes the partial outline below? I.____________________________________ A. Sea power is the key to national greatness. B. United States missionaries spread Christian principles. C. The Anglo-Saxon civilization is the best in the world. D. Sugar plantations in Hawaii were developed by Americans. (1) Reasons to Declare War on Spain (2) Justification for American Imperialism (3) Theodore Roosevelt’s Political Platform (4) Yellow Journalism in Newspapers 75. A goal of President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy and President William Howard Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy policy toward Latin America was to (1) join Western Hemisphere nations in a military alliance (2) protect American economic and political interests (3) encourage foreign nations to establish colonies (4) raise Latin America’s standard of living 76. A major reason the United States entered World War I was to (1) gain additional colonial possessions (2) react to the bombing of Pearl Harbor (3) safeguard freedom of the seas for United States ships (4) honor prewar commitments to its military allies 77. Why was there increased interest in building a canal across Central America in the late 1800s? (1) The United States had acquired colonies in the Pacific region. (2) Tariffs on Chinese and Japanese products had ended. (3) The main source of immigration had shifted from northern Europe to southern Europe. (4) Transcontinental railroads had not yet been completed. 79. Which factor contributed most to the growth of nativist attitudes in the United States in the years immediately following World War I? (1) the establishment of national Prohibition (2) a decline of organized religions (3) the increase in the number of settlement houses (4) the large numbers of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe 80. The Federal Reserve System was created to (1) maintain a national petroleum supply (2) provide military support for the armed forces (3) protect consumers from fraud (4) manage the nation’s supply of currency and interest rates 81. One goal for a lasting peace that President Woodrow Wilson included in his Fourteen Points was (1) establishing a League of Nations (2) maintaining a permanent military force in Europe (3) returning the United States to a policy of isolationism (4) blaming Germany for causing World War I 82. The Open Door policy of 1899 was originally adopted so that the United States could 78. One result of the Spanish-American War (1) restrict Chinese immigration (2) stop Japan from colonizing China of 1898 was that the United States was (3) gain equal trading rights in China (1) recognized as a world power (4) encourage the development of (2) committed to isolationism democracy in China (3) drawn into World War II (4) forced into an economic depression 83. The United States government published these World War I posters to encourage Americans to (1) Increase military enlistments (2) Reduce the use of consumer goods (3) Invest in the war effort (4) Conserve scarce resources for the military 84. “United States Senate Criticized as ‘Millionaire’s Club’” Which action addressed the problem suggested by this Progressive Era headline? (1) Instituting the direct election of senators (2) Increasing the number of senators from each state (3) Decreasing the length of term of office for a senator (4) Establishing voting rights for eighteen-year old Citizens 85. Which statement best expresses a common belief among nativists in the late 1800s and early 1900s? (1) “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses.” (2) “The streets are paved with gold.” (3) “All immigrants strengthen America.” (4) “America is for Americans.” 86. An important result of the Spanish-American War of 1898 was that the United States (1) Acquired territories in Africa (2) Became a world power with an overseas empire (3) Improved its relations with Germany (4) Lost interest in Latin American affairs 87. This poster was used during the administration of President Woodrow Wilson to (1) Convince men to enlist in the military services (2) Help finance the war effort (3) Support membership in the League of Nations (4) Emphasize the goals of the Fourteen Points 88. Which movement’s primary goal was the ratification of a constitutional amendment authorizing Prohibition? (1) Abolitionist (3) temperance (2) Populist (4) settlement house 89. Which conclusion is most clearly supported by information on the map? (1) The United States respected the sovereignty of Latin American nations. (2) United States military action was used to protect American interests. (3) The United States rarely used its armed forces in Latin America before World War II. (4) United States military action in Latin America supported European colonies. 90. Which United States foreign policy was most often used to carry out the actions shown on the map? (1) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (2) Wilson’s Fourteen Points (3) Kellogg-Briand Pact (4) Open Door 91. The migration of African Americans to the North during and following World War I was mainly a result of the (1) Success of military desegregation (2) Efforts of the civil rights movement (3) Availability of new factory jobs (4) Impact of affirmative action programs 92. “…In other words, our demand is that big business give the people a square deal and that the people give a square deal to any man engaged in big business who honestly endeavors to do what is right and proper.…” ~ Theodore Roosevelt, “A Charter for Democracy,” February 21, 1912 This statement reflects President Theodore Roosevelt’s position that the federal government should (1) Leave regulation of big business to the states (2) Cease regulation of business activities (3) Regulate abusive business practices (4) Seize control of all trusts 93. The cartoon illustrates the actions of President Theodore Roosevelt in (1) Securing the land to build the Panama Canal (2) Leading troops in the Spanish-American War (3) Ending the war between Russia and Japan (4) Improving diplomatic relations with Latin American nations 94. Critics of the actions shown in this cartoon claimed President Theodore Roosevelt was (1) Causing environmental damage (3) Following a policy of imperialism (2) Requiring massive tax increases (4) Producing major trade deficits with China 95. Henry Ford’s use of the assembly line in the production of automobiles led directly to (1) A decrease in the number of automobiles available (2) A decrease in the cost of automobiles (3) An increase in the unemployment rate (4) An increase in the time needed to produce a single automobile 96. Speaker A: Nature should be left as it is found. All unsettled land should be off limits to future settlement or development. Speaker B: Natural resources should be controlled by big business to ensure the economic strength of the United States. Our abundance of land gives us a great advantage for competing in world markets. Speaker C: The natural resources of the United States should be used wisely. We must conserve them for future generations while also using them to serve the people of today. Speaker D: No man or institution owns the land. It is to be shared by everyone and everything in the best interest of all who depend upon its offerings. Which speaker best expresses the environmental views of President Theodore Roosevelt? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D 97. The statement of Speaker D is most like views expressed by (1) Native American Indians (2) Western farmers (3) Railroad companies (4) European immigrants 98. Following World War I, the United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles primarily because the treaty (1) Failed to include most of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points (2) Did not punish Germany for starting the war (3) Contained provisions that might lead the United States into foreign conflicts (4) Made no provision for reduction of military weapons 99. During his reelection campaign in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan, “He kept us out of war.” In April of 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. What helped bring about this change? (1) Bolshevik forces increased their strength in Germany and Italy. (2) Britain was invaded by nations of the Central Powers. (3) Russia signed a treaty of alliance with the Central Powers. (4) Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. 100. The headlines in this newspaper are an example of (1) Yellow journalism (3) muckraking literature (2) Investigative reporting (4) government censorship 101. Publication of this and similar news stories encouraged Congress to (1) Declare war on Spain (3) pass antiterrorist legislation (2) Improve naval safety (4) conduct a criminal investigation 102. “…Whether they will or no, Americans must now begin to look outward. The growing production of the country demands it. An increasing volume of public sentiment demands it…” ~ Alfred T. Mahan, The Atlantic Monthly, December 1890 This statement encouraged popular support among Americans for (1) Isolationism (3) neutrality (2) Protectionism (4) imperialism 103. Supporters of Mahan’s ideas most likely favored a foreign policy that would (1) Limit the military arms race (2) Acquire foreign markets (3) Abandon the Monroe Doctrine (4) Establish an international peace organization Word Bank: Maine, Dollar Diplomacy, Chinese Exclusion Act, Yellow Journalism, Imperialism, Isolationism, Fourteen Points, Zimmerman Telegram, Open Door Policy, Big Stick, Schenck v. U.S. (1919) 1- The __________ was a statement of principles initiated by the United States (1899, 1900) for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China. While many Western European nations had gained spheres of influence in China, the United States wanted to make certain that it could trade with China. The principle stated that all nations should have equal access to any of the ports open to trade in China. 2- An insurrection against Spanish rule began in Cuba in the early 1890s. The treatment of the rebels by the Spanish seemed intolerable to the United States. After United States protests, Spain made concessions, but the United States press whipped up sentiment against Spain, and with the sinking of the battleship _________ in the harbor of Havana in February 1898, matters reached a crisis. Demand for war seemed to sweep the United States and President McKinley in April 1898 asked Congress for permission to use “forcible intervention” in Cuba. 3- The Spanish-American War lasted eight months. United States naval superiority had been assured when the country began building a steel fleet in the 1880s. The United States won the war, and in the process occupied Wake Island and annexed Hawaii, both of which provided good harbors for fleet. The Treaty that ended the war stated that Spain would free Cuba and cede Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. Spain also agreed to cede the Philippines to the United States in return for $20 million. The outcome of the war led to U.S. ___________. 4- ____________ is the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal. The Spanish-American War is often referred to as the first “media war.” During the 1890s, journalism that sensationalized – and sometimes even manufactured – dramatic events was a powerful force that helped propel the United States into war with Spain. 5- In the late 1800s, the first acts restricting immigration were passed. The ___________ (1882) was passed to pacify anti-Chinese feelings in California against the flood of Chinese workers: all Chinese immigration was banned. In the Gentleman’s Agreement (1907), the Japanese government promised to limit future Japanese immigration. Restrictions on immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe were introduced in the 1920s. 6- Theodore Roosevelt cited his fondness for a West African proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” The phrase was also used later by Roosevelt to explain his relations with domestic political leaders and his foreign policy especially in Latin America and the Caribbean. Roosevelt’s _________ Policy asserted U.S. domination when such dominance was considered the moral imperative. 7- President Taft’s policy of encouraging economic development in Central America and also in Asia has been called ___________. As United States investments grew in the Americas, any threat to them would bring in the United States Marines to protect business interests. 8- The United States became involved in the First World War due to several factors. Americans were shocked at the German invasion of neutral Belgium. Americans were also shocked when the ___________, a secret message from a high German official promised to return territories to Mexico if Mexico helped Germany against the United States. American public opinion was outraged when the telegram was printed in the newspapers. However, the main reason for American entry into World War I was unrestricted German submarine warfare. In 1915, a German submarine sank the British passenger ship Lusitania, killing over 1,000 passengers, including 128 Americans. 9- During the war, civil liberties were curtailed. In ___________, the Supreme Court upheld restrictions on freedom of speech if such speech caused a “clear and present danger” to the nation. In June 1917, shortly after U.S. entry into World War I, Congress passed the Espionage Act, which made it illegal during wartime to interfere with the recruiting of troops or the disclosure of information dealing with national defense. 10- President Wilson’s opponents believed the League of Nations might drag Americans into unnecessary warfare overseas. Although Wilson needed the Senate to ratify the Versailles Treaty, he rejected any compromises proposed by the Senators. Wilson failed to gauge the feelings of most Americans, who were disillusioned with involvement in world affairs. The Senate rejected the treaty, and the United States never joined the League of Nations. This move marked a return to a policy of __________ – refusing to become involved in other countries’ conflicts. 11- American troops broke the deadlock in Europe, causing Germany to enter into an armistice (an agreement to stop fighting) in 1918. U.S. President Wilson had already announced America’s war aims in the ___________ – calling for freedom of the seas, reduced armaments, and an end to secret diplomacy as well as selfdetermination or governments determined by the people of the land.