Download 08WGC Chapter 07

Introduction
Section 1:
The Economy
Section 2:
People and Their
Environment
Visual Summary
The United States and
Canada are among the
world’s top economic
powers. A study of these
nations today will reveal
how people make their
livings, how their
economies are interrelated
with each other and with
other nations, and how
their ways of life impact the
environment.
Section 1:
The Economy
The characteristics and
distribution of human
populations affect
physical and human
systems. The economies
of the United States and
Canada have grown and
changed according to
where and how the
citizens of the two
countries live.
Section 2: People and
Their Environment
Human actions modify
the physical
environment. People of
the United States and
Canada are seeking ways
to manage resources,
overcome the effects of
pollution, and avoid further
damage to the
environment.
The Economy
This section discusses the
economic activities,
transportation and
communications systems, trade
relationships, and international
role of the United States and
Canada today.
The Economy
• market
economy
• arable
• monopoly
• postindustrial •
• central
•
business
•
district
•
• retooling
• commodity
global economy
trade deficit
tariff
trade surplus
• outsourcing
The Economy
• decline
• domestic
• monitoring
The Economy
A. Silicon Valley
B. Manufacturing Belt
C. Wheat Belt
D. Corn Belt
E. Ohio River
F. Trans-Canada
Highway
The Economy
The United States and
Canada operate under what
type of economy?
A. Command economy
A
0%
0%
C
C. Traditional economy
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
B. Market economy
Economic Activities
The United States and Canada have market
economies based on growing service and
high-tech industries, as well as on
manufacturing and agriculture.
• Both the U.S. and Canada are developing postindustrial economies.
Economic Activities
(cont.)
• The largest area of economic growth
in both places is in service industries:
– Government
– Education
– Health care
– Banking
• Manufacturing accounts for about 20% of both the
U.S. and Canadian economies.
The Changing U.S. Workplace
Economic Activities
(cont.)
• Farming in the U.S. and Canada is
overwhelmingly commercial, with agricultural
commodities produced for sale.
• The number of farmers has decreased due to:
– The high cost of farming
– Unpredictable consumer demand
– The risk of natural disasters
– The time and hard work needed to run a farm
Economic Activities
• Key products:
– Cattle
– Wheat
– Corn
(cont.)
A significant amount of the region’s
manufacturing activities include which
type of products?
A. Transportation equipment
and machinery
B. Computers and other
technological devices
C. Building materials
D. Tools and hardware
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Transportation and Communications
People in the United States and Canada
depend on reliable and continually
improving transportation and
communications systems.
• Reliable transportation and communication systems
are essential due to:
– The large land area of both countries
– Their population distribution
– Their need to move goods and services
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
• The automobile has been the most popular
means of personal transportation since WWII.
• Problems due to the automobile:
– Air pollution
– Traffic congestion
The U.S. Interstate Highway System
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
• Other means of transportation:
– Air travel
– Railroads
– Ships/barges (inland waterways)
– Trucks
– Pipelines (gas and oil)
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
• Communication networks:
– Cellular and digital services
– Television
– Radio
– Newspapers and magazines
Which type of transportation is used
to move the most goods?
A. Railroads
B. Ships/barges
C. Trucks
D. Airplanes
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Trade and Interdependence
The United States and Canada are
connected to other countries through trade
and in facing the challenges of global
terrorism and building a more peaceful
world.
• The U.S. spends more on imports than it earns from
exports, resulting in a trade deficit. However, Canada
enjoys a trade surplus.
Trade and Interdependence
(cont.)
• In 1994, the North American Free Trade
Agreement was signed (NAFTA), including the
U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
• After September 11, 2001, the U.S. and Canada
created the Smart Border action plan to enhance
border security.
U.S.- Canadian Interdependence
Why does Canada have a trade
surplus instead of deficit?
A. Better government
management
B. Less tariffs
C. Smaller population
D. Outsourcing
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
People and Their Environment
This section discusses
ecological damage caused by
people and industries in the
United States and Canada and
the efforts being made to better
manage resources, stop future
pollution, and reduce the effects
of current pollution.
People and Their Environment
• clear-cutting • smog
• overfishing
• acid rain
• conversion
• cooperative
• eutrophication
People and Their Environment
A. New Orleans
B. Rio Grande
C. Alaska
People and Their Environment
Large parts of eastern
Canada still suffer from the
effects of what brought on
by the United States?
0%
A
C. Eutrophication
0%
C
B. Acid rain
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
A. Smog
Managing Resources
People in the United States and Canada are
evaluating the negative effects of human
activity on the environment and realizing the
importance of managing natural resources
wisely.
• Ways that the natural resources of the U.S. and
Canada have been mismanaged:
– Clear-cutting
– Overfishing
Managing Resources
(cont.)
– Hunting and driving away wildlife
– The introduction of non-native plant and
animal species to certain areas
– Destruction of wetlands
What environmental issue are
you most concerned about?
A. Polluted air
B. Polluted water
0%
C
A
0%
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
C. Polluted land
Human Impact
Human-made pollution has damaged the
region’s environment in various ways,
leading people to actively seek solutions to
the problem.
• Human-made pollution:
– Acid rain
– Smog
– Sewage and industrial/agricultural
wastes leaking into water
Human Impact (cont.)
• Reversing the effects of pollution:
– The U.S. and Canada signed the Great Lakes
Water Quality Agreement
– The U.S. passed the Clean Water Act
Energy Benefits and Drawbacks
Are there any ways that your
community tries to reduce pollution?
A. City ordinances or fines
A
C. Construction of green
homes or businesses
B
A. A
B. B
0% C.0%C
0%
C
B. Alternative energies
encouraged
Future Challenges
Responding to global warming and
developing clean, efficient, renewable
energy sources are challenges for the future
of the region.
• The effects of global warming can be seen in the
Arctic regions of Alaska and Canada.
• The U.S. and Canada are working to diversify energy
sources to lessen the dependency on fossil fuels.
Which of the following factors do you
think is most important when deciding
on alternative energy sources?
A. Dependability
A
0%
0%
D
D. Availability
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. Cost
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Efficiency
Changing Economies
Environmental Crisis?
•
The United States and Canada
have mismanaged resources
in the past.
•
Pollutants were released into
the air that have since caused
acid rain, smog, and water pollution.
•
New technologies, alternative energy
sources, and stricter environmental
standards are some of the ways the
United States and Canada are
repairing the environment.
sulfur dioxide gas and water vapor
market economy
an economic system based on free
enterprise, in which businesses are
privately owned, and production and
prices are determined by supply and
demand
postindustrial
an economy with less emphasis on
heavy industry and manufacturing
and more emphasis on services and
technology
central business district
the traditional business and
commercial center of a city or town,
sometimes referred to as downtown
retooling
converting old factories for use in new
industries
commodity
goods produced for sale
arable
suitable for growing crops
monopoly
total control of a type of industry by
one person or one company
global economy
the merging of resource management
systems in which countries are
interconnected and dependent on
one another for goods and services
trade deficits
spending more money on imports
than earning from exports
tariff
a tax on imports or exports
trade surplus
earning more money from export
sales than spending for imports
outsourcing
the practice of subcontracting
manufacturing work to outside
companies, especially foreign or
nonunion companies
clear-cutting
the removal of all trees in a stand of
timber
overfishing
harvesting fish to the extent that
certain species are depleted and the
fishing area made less valuable
acid rain
precipitation carrying large amounts
of dissolved acids which damages
buildings, forests, and crops, and kills
wildlife
smog
haze caused by the interaction of
ultraviolet solar radiation with
chemical fumes from automobile
exhausts and other pollution sources
eutrophication
process by which a body of water
becomes too rich in dissolved
nutrients, leading to plant growth that
depletes oxygen
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