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Astronomy 100, Final A Name____________________________________ ID #__________________________ No notes, No books; You can use calculators The letter at the top of the test needs to correspond to letter at top of the answer sheet. Constants that you may need to know: • c = 3 x 108 m/s • G = 6.67 x 10-11 m3/(kg-s2) • h = 6.626 x 10-34 J-s • g = 9.8 m/s2 • σ = 5.7 x 10-8 W/(m2-K4) • 1 parsec = 3.26 light years • Hubble’s constant = 71 km/s/Megaparsec • 1 Megaparsec = one million parsecs 1) How much mass, if completely turned into energy, will release 4.5 x 1015 Joules of energy? A) 1 kilogram B) 20 kilograms C) 0.01 kilograms D) 0.05 kilograms E) 0.005 kilograms 2) Which spectral types of stars have cooler surface temperatures than the Sun? A) O and B B) M and F C) K and M D) F and M E) B and A 3) Which spectral type on the main sequence would you expect to have the highest probability of eventually becoming a black hole? A) A B) F C) O D) G E) M Astronomy 100, Final A 4) Which of these planets was visited by the two Viking spacecrafts? A) B) C) D) E) Venus Saturn Mars Neptune Pluto 5) During its main sequence lifetime, the sun fuses hydrogen into ____________. A) helium B) carbon C) iron D) carbon E) hydrogen 6) Which of these following terms is not used as a technique (or is part of a technique) to determine distances to objects in the universe? A) B) C) D) E) Parallax Main Sequence Fitting Tully Fisher Relation Cepheid Variables Maunder Minimum 7) Current estimates of the age of the solar system is that the solar system is about ___________ old. A) 14 million years B) 14 billion years C) 5 billion years D) 5 million years E) 500 million years 8) A galaxy is moving away from us at a speed of 3,550 km/s. How far is this galaxy away from us? A) B) C) D) E) 10 Megaparsecs 100 Megaparsecs 50 Megaparsecs 20 Megaparsecs 200 Megaparsecs Astronomy 100, Final 9) If the luminosity of a galaxy is 2 billion solar luminosities and its mass is 40 billion solar masses, its mass-to-light ratio is __________________. A) B) C) D) E) 0.05 solar masses per solar luminosity. 40 solar masses per solar luminosity. 3.33 solar masses per solar luminosity. 20 solar masses per solar luminosity. 2 solar masses per solar luminosity. 10) What happens if the density of the universe is below the critical density? A) the universe will stop expanding and start contracting B) the universe will continue expanding C) the universe will start forming more supernovas D) the universe will start forming more stars E) the universe will start becoming warmer 11) The force that binds protons together in the nucleus is called …. A) Gravity B) Electromagnetism C) the Strong force D) the Weak force E) Dark matter 12) How far will light travel in one hour in space? A) 1.8 x 1010 meters B) 2.16 x 1012 meters C) 1.08 x 1012 meters D) 1.08 x 1013 meters E) 1.8 x 1012 meters 13) Which of these wavelengths of light has the smallest energy per photon? A) B) C) D) E) gamma ray x-ray ultraviolet visible infrared A Astronomy 100, Final A 14) What do electrons, neutrinos, and quarks have in common? A) They all have positive charges B) They all have negative charges C) They can not be broken down into smaller constituent parts D) They can be broken down into smaller constituent parts E) They all have fractional charges 15) The habitable zone around a star is where the surface temperature of a planet in the zone could allow it to have ___________ on its surface. A) B) C) D) E) Oxygen gas liquid water solid carbon nitrogen gas solid iron 16) If it is 70 Kelvin, what is the temperature in Celsius? A) B) C) D) E) -213.15 degrees Celsius 343.15 degrees Celsius -203.15 degrees Celsius -158.15 degrees Celsius -143.15 degrees Celsius 17) We measure the stellar parallax of a star to be 0.8 arc seconds. What is the distance to this star? A) B) C) D) E) 1.25 parsecs 8 parsecs 2.5 parsecs 25 parsecs 80 parsecs 18) Why is the star Polaris important to navigation? A) It is the brightest star in the sky. B) It is close to the position of the north celestial pole in the sky C) It travels through all the constellations in the zodiac D) It is close to the position of the south celestial pole in the sky. E) Mars is always found close to the position of Polaris in the sky. Astronomy 100, Final A 19) Which two types of telescopes are typically found on the surface of the Earth and used to measure radiation from astronomical objects? A) B) C) D) E) Gamma ray and X-ray Gamma ray and Radio Visible and Radio X-ray and Visible X-Ray and Ultraviolet 20) If the Earth were moved to a distance of 0.5 astronomical units from the Sun, how much stronger or weaker would be the gravitational force between the Sun and Earth be? A) The force would be 2 times stronger. B) The force would be 4 times stronger. C) The force would be unchanged. D) The force would be 2 times weaker. E) The force would be 4 times weaker. 21) Right ascension and declination are used to pinpoint locations on the … A) B) C) D) E) Earth Celestial Sphere Sun Mars Jupiter 22) What is an astronomical unit? A) B) C) D) E) the average radius of the Sun the average diameter of the Earth the average distance between the Sun and the Earth the average distance between the Earth and the Moon the average distance between the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies 23) What is produced by the collision of an electron and a positron? A) B) C) D) E) 2 quarks 2 photons 2 protons 2 neutrons 2 neutrinos Astronomy 100, Final A 24) Which zone of the Sun transports energy to the surface due to warm material expanding and rising and cooler material contracting and falling? A) B) C) D) E) Core Radiation zone Convection zone Corona Chromosphere 25) An isotope of an element is distinct from a different isotope of the same element because it has a different number of __________ in its nucleus. A) atoms B) photons C) neutrons D) protons E) electrons 26) An atom which has 6 protons and 8 neutrons will be electrically neutral if it contains … A) B) C) D) E) 6 electrons. 4 electrons. 2 electrons. 8 electrons 14 electrons 27) Which planet is closest to the Sun? A) B) C) D) E) Mars Venus Earth Jupiter Saturn 28) The International Astronomical Union divided the sky into ______ constellations in 1928. A) B) C) D) E) 13 88 192 17 156 Astronomy 100, Final A 29) Rotation curves of a galaxy plot … A) B) C) D) E) rotation velocity versus mass of the galaxy rotation velocity versus distance from the center of the galaxy mass versus luminosity of the galaxy luminosity versus distance from the center of the galaxy rotation velocity versus luminosity of the galaxy 30) Dark energy is a name given to energy that could be _______ A) B) C) D) E) causing the universe to collapse causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate created by the interactions between MACHOs and WIMPs increasing the rate of fusion in stars causing galaxies to collide 31) The highest mass stars on the main sequence have _______________ relative to lower mass stars. A) higher surface temperatures and lower luminosities B) lower surface temperatures and smaller radii C) higher surface temperatures and larger luminosities D) lower surface temperatures and larger radii E) higher surface temperatures and smaller radii 32) What is the wavelength of a photon of light if the frequency is 3.00 x 1015 Hz? A) B) C) D) E) 1 x 1025 m 1 x 10-23 m 1 x 10-2 m 1 x 10-7 m 3 x 10-15 m Astronomy 100, Final A Use Table 1 for questions 33 and 34. Table 1. Here are some stars and their spectral classification Star Classification Sirius A A1 V Achernar B5 V Aldebaran B M2 V Fomalhaut B K4 V Capella G6 V 33) Put the stars in Table 1 in the order from hottest to coolest surface temperatures? A) B) C) D) E) 34) Sirius A, Achernar, Aldebaran B, Fomalhaut B, Capella Achernar, Sirius A, Capella, Fomalhaut B, Aldebaran B Achernar, Sirius A, Capella, Aldebaran B, Fomalhaut B Capella, Achernar, Sirius A, Aldebaran B, Fomalhaut B Fomalhaut B, Capella, Sirius A, Achernar, Aldebaran B If all of the stars in Table 1 were at the same distance from Earth, which star would you expect to be the brightest? A) B) C) D) E) Sirius A Achernar Aldebaran B Fomalhaut B Capella 35) Differences in the pattern of absorption lines seen in stars of different spectral type are primarily due to differences in the star's … A) B) C) D) E) distance from Earth. surface temperature. magnetic field strength. chemical composition. radial velocity. Astronomy 100, Final 36) Pulsars are … A) rapidly pulsing white dwarfs. B) vibrating main sequence stars. C) rapidly rotating neutron stars D) rapidly spinning black holes. E) rapidly rotating black holes 37) What are Black Holes? A) B) C) D) E) are slowly rotating neutron stars. are white dwarfs that have finally ceased all nuclear reactions. are white dwarfs that have cooled and no longer produce visible light. are the end products of stars like the sun. are a name given to matter so compressed that even light can't escape. 38) The zenith has an altitude of A) 0 degrees B) 45 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 90 degrees E) 60 degrees A Astronomy 100, Final A 39) How do the most massive stars end their lives? A) in a violent supernova explosion. B) by producing a planetary nebula C) by becoming a white dwarf star D) as a main sequence star E) in a violent helium flash 40) At present, what is the primary way that the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is carried out? A) B) C) D) E) By searching for planets around distant stars. By using X-ray telescopes to search for exhaust from interstellar spacecraft. By measuring the reflectance spectra of the Moon By using radio telescopes to search for signals from extraterrestrial civilizations. By analyzing high-resolution images of nearby stars in search of evidence for structures that could not have developed naturally.