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STUDY GUIDE OCEANS TEST 2015 Name _Answer Key__________________ 1) What are the two most abundant elements in ocean water? Sodium and chlorine 2) Where do benthos live? On or in the ocean floor 3) What resources can be harvested from the ocean? Minerals, food, energy 4) What is happening to the Pacific Ocean now? It is getting smaller 5) The measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid is called salinity 6) The ocean’s surface temperatures vary with time of year and latitude 7) Most plankton are what? Most are microscopic 8) Describe nekton. They swim actively in the open ocean. 9) Marine organisms are grouped by Where they live and how they move 10) Tidal energy is generated from what? The natural movement of tides. 11) Wave energy is what type of resource? A clean, renewable resource 12) Why are drift nets a problem? They can accidentally catch dolphins and turtles 13) Engineers drill in the ocean floor for what resource? Oil and natural gas 14) Why is nonpoint-source pollution difficult to trace? Because it comes from different sources 15) An oil spill from a tanker is an example of what type of pollution? Point-source pollution 16) Estuaries are important because they? provide breeding grounds for migratory birds, filter out pollution from runoff before it reaches the ocean, is a nutrient rich habitat for many species of aquatic and terrestrial animals 17) List the oceans in order of size. Begin with the largest. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic 18) If sunlight warms only the top 100 m of ocean water, why does the surface zone extend to about 300 m below the surface? Surface currents mix the warmer water with the cooler water below. 19) Where would the temperature of the ocean probably be lowest? What latitude, what season? Near the poles in winter 20) What underwater feature could become a volcanic island? A frog eats a fly on land and then jumps into the water and is eaten by a water snake 21) The most abundant dissolved salt in ocean water is Sodium chloride 22) The Earth’s oceans have changed over time. 23) Crabs, seaweed, and clams are all considered to be ? Benthic organisms 24) What does a food web show? The feeding relationships between organisms 25) Which of the following animals lives mainly in the oceanic zone? a. zooplankton crab giant squid starfish 26) Coral reefs are found in the _neritic __ zone. 27) Farming and fishing are ways of harvesting the ocean’s __living___ resources. 28) Name two kinds of renewable resource from the ocean . wave energy. Tidal energy 29) Desalination is the process of removing what from ocean water? salt 30) Wave energy in the North Sea is strong enough to produce power for? Parts of Scotland and England 31) Why is plastic trash dangerous to marine animals? Animals can mistake it for food and choke on it. 32) Most of the oil that pollutes the oceans is caused by? Nonpoint-source pollution 33) What does the U.S. Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act do? It prohibits dumping harmful materials into the ocean. 34) What are the two main food webs on Earth called? Aquatic and terrestrial 35) Where is the neritic zone? Where the water becomes deeper and the ocean floor slopes downward 36) Which marine ecosystem is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean? Sargasso Sea 37) According to continental drift theory, a single, huge continent once existed called Pangaea 38) The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of 39) What is the idea that all continents were part of one big landmass? Continental drift 40) Whales, dolphins, and porpoises are part of the _nekton_ group of marine life. continental drift 41) Coral, sponges, and seaweed are all part of the _benthos group of marine life. 42) Drifting organisms that may be plant-like or animal-like are called _plankton_. 43) The constant motion of waves can be harnessed to produce _wave _energy. 44) People who live in hot, dry climates often rely on _desalination plants_ for their drinking water. 45) Energy generated from tides is called _tidal energy_. 46) Coastal waters in cool, humid areas where fresh water rivers run into the ocean tend to have lower salinity. 47) Sponges are _benthic_ organisms, which means that they live on the ocean floor. 48) There are two main _food webs_ on Earth: aquatic and terrestrial 49) Most _plankton are microscopic and float at or near the ocean’s surface. Vocab Words and Terms – Write the word that matches the definition/description. 50) third-largest ocean Indian Ocean 51) largest ocean Pacific Ocean 52) second largest ocean 53) smallest ocean Atlantic Ocean Arctic Ocean 54) area between the shoreline and the continental slope continental shelf 55) area between the continental shelf and the ocean floor continental slope 56) base of the continental slope continental rise 57) broad, flat part of the deep-ocean basin 58) mountain chain on the ocean floor abyssal plain mid-ocean ridge 59) The area where fresh water meets salt water from the oceans estuary 60) This is the deep, dark water of the ocean floor. Benthic zone 61) This is where dolphins and sea turtles live. Neritic zone 62) This is exposed to the air for part of the day. Intertidal zone 63) This contains the deep water of the open ocean. 64) species of alga Oceanic zone seaweed 65) taking more fish than can be naturally replaced overfishing 66) resources that cannot be replenished nonrenewable resources 67) removal of salt from ocean water desalination 68) pollution that comes from many places nonpoint-source pollution 69) pollution that comes from a specific place point-source pollution 70) is the solid part of raw sewage sludge 71) is a form of point-source pollution trash dumping, sludge dumping, or oil spills 72) is a cause of nonpoint-source pollution boats and jet skis on a lake, agricultural or urban runoff 73) a long narrow valley that forms as tectonic plates separate 74) a huge crack in the deep sea floor rift valley ocean trench 75) the giant landmass that contained all the continents Pangaea 76) What causes ocean currents? Coreolis effect, winds, salinity, solar heating 77) Why is upwelling important? Provides for more abundant marine life 78) In what organism is the most energy in an oceanic ecosystem contained? plankton