* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Shri RVSAVADI B.Sc, M.Pharm.
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
History of herbalism wikipedia , lookup
History of botany wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Venus flytrap wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Plant secondary metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Medicinal plants wikipedia , lookup
Sustainable landscaping wikipedia , lookup
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES BANGALORE, KARNATAKA ANNEXURE – II PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT DISSERTATION 1. Name of the Candidate and Address 2. Name of Institution 3. Course of Study and Subject 4. Date of Admission of Course 5. Title of the Topic: Mr. MANISH MISHRA DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY, K.L.E.Society’s College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, HUBLI- 580031 K.L.E.SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, VIDYANAGAR, HUBLI-580031 MASTER OF PHARMACY IN PHARMACOGNOSY JUNE-2008 PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del. leaves 1 6. Brief resume of the intended work: 6.1 Need for the study: Peptic ulcer is most common gastrointestinal disorder in clinical practice. It is a benign lesion of gastric or duodenal mucosa occurring at a site where the mucosal epithelial is exposed to acid & pepsin. There is constant confrontation between aggressive factor & defensive factor. Defensive factor is subdued by aggressive factor due to some intrinsic defect this leads to formation of ulcer in the gastric mucosa & upper part of duodenum15. The treatment of peptic ulcer is till unsatisfactory due to lack of complete information about etiology & pathophysiology of the disease. Drug used in the treatment of peptic ulcer decrease the morbidity & mortility but they produce many adverse reactions like impotency , gynaecoemastia , heamopoitic changes & also reoccurrence rate is high16. Recent studies reported that reactive oxidative species (ROS) are responsible in many gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcer Research on herbal drugs have shown promising antiulcer activity without producing any above mentioned adverse reactions. In this protocol we proposed to evaluate antiulcer activity of various extracts of the leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca using different ulcer models. 2 6.2 Review of Literature Introduction to the plant: Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) del. (Simaroubaceae or Zygophyllaceae) Synonym / Vernacular names: Kannada - Ingulada mara Tamil -- Nanjundan3. Marathi -- Hingan Hindi -- Hingan , Hingota4 Morphology:4 A shrub or small evergreen tree rarely reaching 9 m. Leaves: leaves alternate, 2 – foliolate, petioles 3-6 mm long , leaflets elliptic or varying from ovate- or obovate – elliptic or rotundate, obtuse or subacute broadly pointed 1-5 cm long , petiolules upto 5mm long Flowers: Flowers small , greenish white, fragrant, in axillary few or many flowered short –peduncled cymes or fascicles. Sepals 5, ovate , 3mm long, pubescent outside. Fruit an ovoid drupe. 2.5 -6 cm long , on a short thick stalk , faintly 5- grooved ,pale yellow when ripe , pulp 5mm. thick. . Phytoconstituents: Plant contains yamogenin glycosides, diosgenin glycoside-belanitins 4-7, nitrogen glycosides. Leaves contain diosgenin, stigmasterol. Fruit contains saponins-balanistines A,B,C,D & E. balanitesin – a steroidal saponins composed of diosgenin. Root & bark contains molluscicides viz., balanitin -1,-2, & -3. 3 Traditional Uses: 5 Bark ,leaf, fruit – Blood purifire, diuretic, leprosy, poisoning, ulcer, worm infestation, leucoderma, anorexia, constipation. Reported works: 1.Sarker S.D, Bartholomew B & Nash R..J Performed HPLC analyses of dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of Balanites aegyptiaca which yield two known alkaloids, N-trans-feruloyl-tyramine & N –cis-feruloyltyramine & three common metabolites, vanillic acid, syringic acid& 3-hydroxy-1-(4 hydroxy-3methoxxyphenyl)-1- propanone.13. 2. Zeev Wiesman & Bishnu P Chapagain reported that Balanites aegyptiaca is an African-Asian saponin producing plant & can be used for an efficient bioactive preparation in Aedes aegypti & Culex pipiens mosquito control.11. 3.Gnoula C, Guissou P,. Duez P,. Frederich M & Dubois J. reported that Balanites aegyptiaca has Anthelmintic activity & isolated the main nematocidal agent of Balanites aegyptiaca plant i.e balanitin-7 10. 4. Fatima, et al in 2005 reported that the crude methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca has a considerable in vitro anti- leishmanial activity on Leishmania major promastigotes 8 5.Doughari, J.Hamuel, et al reported that the aqueous & organic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca & Moringa oleifera traditionally used for the treatment of infectious disease were tested for their activity against Salmonella typhi.6 4 6.3 Objectives of the present study : Pharmacognostic evaluation of Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del Extraction and Phytochemical investigation. Screening for Anti ulcer activity. 7. Materials and methods: 7.1 Source of data: Review articles from journals. Published research papers. Electronic data (internet) Library of K.L.E’S College of Pharmacy, Hubli. 7.2 Method of collection of data: The plant Balanites aegyptiaca will be collected from the local areas surroundings of Hubli, Karnataka. Authentication: Renowned botanist will authenticate the plant. Phytochemical studies: For the present study Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del will be collected, shade dried and coarsely powdered .The powder drugs will be extracted with 95% ethanol11 then fractionated with different solvents of increasing order of polarity. Extracts are concentrated and further subjected to qualitative chemical tests, Chromatographic Studies and Spectral analysis. 5 Evaluation for Acute toxicity study: The Albino mice of either sex will be used during investigation. The animals will be fasted over night prior to the experimental procedure. The OECD guideline no-420 fixed dose method will be adopted and accordingly doses of different extracts will be calculated14. Evaluation for Antiulcer activity17: 01.Pylorus ligated (shay rate) models In this method albino rats are deprived of food for 24 h, care is taken to avoid coprophagy. Under light ether anesthesia the abdomen is opened by small midline incision & the pyloric end portion of the stomach is ligated. The animals are killed , 4 h after the operation under the dose of anesthetic ether & the gastric contents of each animal are individually assessed for volume of gastric secretion. Free & total acid production is estimated by titrating against 0.01N NaoH using Topfer’s reagent & phenolphthalein as an indicator. Drugs were administered 30 min prior to pylorus ligation. 02.Ethanol induced ulcer model In this model albino rats are fasted for 18 h , care is taken to avoid coprophagy. Now the test drug or the vehicle is given to the animals orally. 30 min later, 1 ml of absolute ethanol is given orally. The animals are sacrificed 1 h later & their stomachs dissected out. The stomachs are opened along the greater curvature, using a cork borer , 13 mm ,full thickness circular patches are cut from each lobe of the fundus below the ridge dividing glandular from non glandular portion of the stomach & placed into holes of a special template. Photographs of the tissues are taken & damaged areas have been examined. 6 7 7.3 Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted on the patients or other human/animals? If so, please describe briefly. Yes, the above study requires investigation on albino mice for dose determination and albino rats for Antiulcer activity of different extracts/fractions. These studies are planned in accordance with the procedure reported in the literature. 7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3? Applied for institutional ethical committee clearance for use of animals. 8 08. List of references. 1. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5401a9.htm - 37k dated 23/11/2007 2. http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/mdd/99/dec/loew.html (23/11/2007) 3. Magadi GR.Botonical and vernacular names of south Indian medicinal plants. Bangalore: Divyachandra prakashan;2001. 4. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD, Indian Medicinal Plants, 4th ed. Vol–I, International Book Distributor, Dehradun.1975. 5. Yoganarashimhan SN, Medicinal Plants of India, Karnataka Vol-1, Srinivasan for interline Publishing Pvt Ltd, Bangalore.1996. 6. Doughari ,J. Hamuel, Pukuma, M. S. & De N. Antibacterial effects of Balanites aegyptiaca L Drel. & Moringa oleifera Lam. On Salmonella typhi, African j of biotechnology 2007; 6(19) :2212-15, 7. Saharan V , Yadav R C & Wiesman Z Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Delile -a potential source of saponin Current Biotica 2008 ; 2 (1):110-12 8. Fatima, A. Khalid , Nazar, M. Abdalla , Husam Eldin O, MOHOMED, Abdalla M. TOUM et al invitro assessment of anti –cutaneous leishmaniasis activity of some Sudanese plants Turkiye parazitoloji Dergisi, 2005;29 (1):3-6 9. Bishnu P, Chapagain,Zeev Wiesman Metabolite profiling of saponins in Balanites aegyptiaca plant tissues using LC(RI)-ESI/MS &MALDI-TOF/ MS . Metabolmics 2008;4:357-66 9 10. C Gnoula, P. Guissou, P. Duez, M Frederich & J.Dubois . Nematocidal Compounds from the seed of Balanites aegyptiaca Isolation & structure Elucidatin . Int jor of pharmacol. 2007;3(3):280-84, 11. Zeev Wiesman, Bishnu P. Chapagain . Larvicidal activity of saponin Contantaining extracts & fractions of fruit mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca. Fitoterpia 2006;77:420-24 12. Indian Materia Medica vol. 1 Popular prakashan Pvt Ltd 35-c , pandit madan mohan malaviya marg, popular press building ,Tardeo , Mumbai-3 13. Sarker SD ,Bartholomew B, Nash R.J ; Alkaloids from Balanites aegyptiaca Fitoterapia; 2000;71;3:328-30, . 14 . OECD (Organization for economic Co-operation and Development). Guideline 420: Acute oral toxicity- fixed dose procedure, paris: OECD: 1992 15. Tripathi KD Essentials of medical pharmacology ,japee brothers medical publishers (P) Ltd; 2003 . 16. Akhtar AH, Ahmed k. Antiulcerogenic evaluation of methanolic extracts of some Indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan in aspirin-ulcerated rats. J of Ethanopharm. 1995;46:1-6. 17. Vogel HG, Drug Discovery and Evaluation Pharmacological Assays. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, Heidel berg,(NY); 2002 10 SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE REMARKS OF THE GUIDE The work will be carried out under my supervision and guidance. 11.1 NAME AND DESIGNATION OF THE GUIDE Shri R.V.SAVADI B.Sc, M.Pharm. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AND HEAD Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli – 580 031. 11.2 SIGNATURE 12.1 NAME AND DESIGNATION OF THE COGUIDE MR H.N. SHOLAPUR Department of Pharmacognosy K.L.E.’S College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli – 580 031. 12.2 SIGNATURE 13.1 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Shri R.V.SAVADI B.Sc, M.Pharm. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AND HEAD Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli – 580 031. 13.2 SIGNATURE 14.1 REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL The above mentioned information is correct and I recommend the same for approval. 14.2 SIGNATURE Dr. B.M.PATIL M Pharm. PhD. Principal, K.L.E.’S College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli – 580 031. 14.2 SIGNATURE 11 12