Download Shri RVSAVADI B.Sc, M.Pharm.

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT DISSERTATION
1.
Name of the Candidate and
Address
2.
Name of Institution
3.
Course of Study and Subject
4.
Date of Admission of Course
5.
Title of the Topic:
Mr. MANISH MISHRA
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY
AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY,
K.L.E.Society’s College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar, HUBLI- 580031
K.L.E.SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF
PHARMACY,
VIDYANAGAR, HUBLI-580031
MASTER OF PHARMACY IN
PHARMACOGNOSY
JUNE-2008
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND ANTIULCER
ACTIVITY OF Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)Del. leaves
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6.
Brief resume of the intended work:
6.1 Need for the study:
Peptic ulcer is most common gastrointestinal disorder in clinical practice. It is a benign
lesion of gastric or duodenal mucosa occurring at a site where the mucosal epithelial is
exposed to acid & pepsin. There is constant confrontation between aggressive factor &
defensive factor. Defensive factor is subdued by aggressive factor due to some intrinsic
defect this leads to formation of ulcer in the gastric mucosa & upper part of duodenum15.
The treatment of peptic ulcer is till unsatisfactory due to lack of complete information
about etiology & pathophysiology of the disease. Drug used in the treatment of peptic ulcer
decrease the morbidity & mortility but they produce many adverse reactions like impotency
, gynaecoemastia , heamopoitic changes & also reoccurrence rate is high16. Recent studies
reported that reactive oxidative species (ROS) are responsible in many gastrointestinal
disorders including peptic ulcer
Research on herbal drugs have shown promising antiulcer activity without
producing any above mentioned adverse reactions. In this protocol we proposed to evaluate
antiulcer activity of various extracts of the leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca using different
ulcer models.
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6.2 Review of Literature
Introduction to the plant:
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) del. (Simaroubaceae or Zygophyllaceae)
Synonym / Vernacular names:
Kannada - Ingulada mara
Tamil
-- Nanjundan3.
Marathi
-- Hingan
Hindi
-- Hingan , Hingota4
Morphology:4
A shrub or small evergreen tree rarely reaching 9 m. Leaves: leaves alternate, 2 –
foliolate, petioles 3-6 mm long , leaflets elliptic or varying from ovate- or obovate –
elliptic or rotundate, obtuse or subacute broadly pointed 1-5 cm long , petiolules upto
5mm long
Flowers: Flowers small , greenish white, fragrant, in axillary few or many flowered
short –peduncled cymes or fascicles. Sepals 5, ovate , 3mm long, pubescent outside.
Fruit an ovoid drupe. 2.5 -6 cm long , on a short thick stalk , faintly 5- grooved ,pale
yellow when ripe , pulp 5mm. thick. .
Phytoconstituents:
Plant contains yamogenin glycosides, diosgenin glycoside-belanitins 4-7, nitrogen
glycosides. Leaves contain diosgenin, stigmasterol. Fruit contains saponins-balanistines
A,B,C,D & E. balanitesin – a steroidal saponins composed of diosgenin. Root & bark
contains molluscicides viz., balanitin -1,-2, & -3.
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Traditional Uses: 5
 Bark ,leaf, fruit – Blood purifire, diuretic, leprosy, poisoning, ulcer, worm
infestation, leucoderma, anorexia, constipation.
Reported works:
1.Sarker S.D, Bartholomew B & Nash R..J Performed HPLC analyses of
dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of Balanites aegyptiaca which yield two
known alkaloids, N-trans-feruloyl-tyramine & N –cis-feruloyltyramine & three
common metabolites, vanillic acid, syringic acid& 3-hydroxy-1-(4 hydroxy-3methoxxyphenyl)-1- propanone.13.
2. Zeev Wiesman & Bishnu P Chapagain reported that Balanites aegyptiaca is an
African-Asian saponin producing plant & can be used for an efficient bioactive
preparation in Aedes aegypti & Culex pipiens mosquito control.11.
3.Gnoula C, Guissou P,. Duez P,. Frederich M & Dubois J. reported that Balanites
aegyptiaca has Anthelmintic activity & isolated the main nematocidal agent of
Balanites aegyptiaca plant i.e balanitin-7 10.
4. Fatima, et al in 2005 reported that the crude methanolic extract of Balanites
aegyptiaca has a considerable in vitro anti- leishmanial activity on Leishmania major
promastigotes 8
5.Doughari, J.Hamuel, et al
reported that the
aqueous
& organic extract of
Balanites aegyptiaca & Moringa oleifera traditionally used for the treatment of
infectious disease were tested for their activity against Salmonella typhi.6
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6.3
Objectives of the present study :
 Pharmacognostic evaluation of Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del
 Extraction and Phytochemical investigation.
 Screening for Anti ulcer activity.
7.
Materials and methods:
7.1 Source of data:
 Review articles from journals.
 Published research papers.
 Electronic data (internet)
 Library of K.L.E’S College of Pharmacy, Hubli.
7.2 Method of collection of data:
The plant Balanites aegyptiaca will be collected from the local areas surroundings of
Hubli, Karnataka.
Authentication: Renowned botanist will authenticate the plant.
Phytochemical studies:
For the present study Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del will be collected, shade dried and
coarsely powdered .The powder drugs will be extracted with 95% ethanol11 then
fractionated with different solvents of increasing order of polarity. Extracts are
concentrated and further subjected to qualitative chemical tests, Chromatographic
Studies and Spectral analysis.
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Evaluation for Acute toxicity study:
The Albino mice of either sex will be used during investigation. The animals will be
fasted over night prior to the experimental procedure. The OECD guideline no-420
fixed dose method will be adopted and accordingly doses of different extracts will be
calculated14.
Evaluation for Antiulcer activity17:
01.Pylorus ligated (shay rate) models
In this method albino rats are deprived of food for 24 h, care is taken to avoid
coprophagy. Under light ether anesthesia the abdomen is opened by small midline
incision & the pyloric end portion of the stomach is ligated. The animals are killed , 4
h after the operation under the dose of anesthetic ether & the gastric contents of each
animal are individually assessed for volume of gastric secretion. Free & total acid
production is estimated by titrating against 0.01N NaoH using Topfer’s reagent &
phenolphthalein as an indicator. Drugs were administered 30 min prior to pylorus
ligation.
02.Ethanol induced ulcer model
In this model albino rats are fasted for 18 h , care is taken to avoid coprophagy. Now
the test drug or the vehicle is given to the animals orally. 30 min later, 1 ml of
absolute ethanol is given orally. The animals are sacrificed 1 h later & their stomachs
dissected out. The stomachs are opened along the greater curvature, using a cork
borer , 13 mm ,full thickness circular patches are cut from each lobe of the fundus
below the ridge dividing glandular from non glandular portion of the stomach &
placed into holes of a special template. Photographs of the tissues are taken &
damaged areas have been examined.
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7.3 Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted
on the patients or other human/animals? If so, please describe briefly.
Yes, the above study requires investigation on albino mice for dose determination
and albino rats for Antiulcer activity of different extracts/fractions. These studies are
planned in accordance with the procedure reported in the literature.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Applied for institutional ethical committee clearance for use of animals.
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08.
List of references.
1. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5401a9.htm - 37k dated 23/11/2007
2.
http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/mdd/99/dec/loew.html (23/11/2007)
3. Magadi GR.Botonical and vernacular names of south Indian medicinal plants.
Bangalore: Divyachandra prakashan;2001.
4. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD, Indian Medicinal Plants, 4th ed. Vol–I, International Book
Distributor, Dehradun.1975.
5. Yoganarashimhan SN, Medicinal Plants of India, Karnataka Vol-1, Srinivasan for
interline Publishing Pvt Ltd, Bangalore.1996.
6. Doughari ,J. Hamuel, Pukuma, M. S. & De N. Antibacterial effects of Balanites
aegyptiaca L Drel. & Moringa oleifera Lam. On Salmonella typhi, African j of
biotechnology 2007; 6(19) :2212-15,
7. Saharan V , Yadav R C & Wiesman Z Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Delile -a potential
source of saponin Current Biotica 2008 ; 2 (1):110-12
8. Fatima, A. Khalid , Nazar, M. Abdalla , Husam Eldin O, MOHOMED, Abdalla M.
TOUM et al invitro assessment of anti –cutaneous leishmaniasis activity of some
Sudanese plants Turkiye parazitoloji Dergisi, 2005;29 (1):3-6
9. Bishnu P, Chapagain,Zeev Wiesman Metabolite profiling of saponins in Balanites
aegyptiaca plant tissues using LC(RI)-ESI/MS &MALDI-TOF/ MS . Metabolmics
2008;4:357-66
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10. C Gnoula, P. Guissou, P. Duez, M Frederich & J.Dubois . Nematocidal Compounds
from the seed of Balanites aegyptiaca Isolation & structure Elucidatin . Int jor of
pharmacol. 2007;3(3):280-84,
11. Zeev Wiesman, Bishnu P. Chapagain . Larvicidal activity of saponin Contantaining
extracts & fractions of fruit mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca. Fitoterpia
2006;77:420-24
12. Indian Materia Medica vol. 1 Popular prakashan Pvt Ltd 35-c , pandit madan mohan
malaviya marg, popular press building ,Tardeo , Mumbai-3
13. Sarker SD ,Bartholomew B, Nash R.J ; Alkaloids from Balanites aegyptiaca
Fitoterapia; 2000;71;3:328-30, .
14 . OECD (Organization for economic Co-operation and Development). Guideline 420:
Acute oral toxicity- fixed dose procedure, paris: OECD: 1992
15. Tripathi KD Essentials of medical pharmacology ,japee brothers medical publishers
(P) Ltd; 2003
.
16. Akhtar AH, Ahmed k. Antiulcerogenic evaluation of methanolic extracts of some
Indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan in aspirin-ulcerated rats. J of Ethanopharm.
1995;46:1-6.
17. Vogel HG, Drug Discovery and Evaluation Pharmacological Assays. 2nd ed.
Springer-Verlag, Heidel berg,(NY); 2002
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SIGNATURE OF THE
CANDIDATE
REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
The work will be carried out under
my supervision and guidance.
11.1 NAME AND
DESIGNATION OF THE
GUIDE
Shri R.V.SAVADI B.Sc, M.Pharm.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AND HEAD
Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar, Hubli – 580 031.
11.2 SIGNATURE
12.1 NAME AND
DESIGNATION OF THE COGUIDE
MR H.N. SHOLAPUR
Department of Pharmacognosy
K.L.E.’S College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar,
Hubli – 580 031.
12.2 SIGNATURE
13.1 HEAD OF THE
DEPARTMENT
Shri R.V.SAVADI B.Sc, M.Pharm.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AND HEAD
Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar, Hubli – 580 031.
13.2 SIGNATURE
14.1 REMARKS OF THE
PRINCIPAL
The above mentioned information is correct and I
recommend the same for approval.
14.2 SIGNATURE
Dr. B.M.PATIL M Pharm. PhD.
Principal,
K.L.E.’S College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar, Hubli – 580 031.
14.2 SIGNATURE
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