Download The Blood Typing Game Short description (140 characters) What

The Blood Typing Game
Short description (140 characters)
What could happen if you get a blood transfusion with the wrong blood?
Try to save some patients and find out about human blood types!
Long description (150 words)
“a very fun way of learning blood groups, I hate science and this game has made it fun for me.”
student
Background
The Blood Typing educational game relates to the Nobel Prize awarded discovery of human blood
groups. Experiments with blood transfusions, the transfer of blood or blood components into a
person's blood stream, have/had been carried out for hundreds of years without success and many
patients died. It was not until 1901 it became possible to perform safe blood transfusions when the
Austrian biologist and physician, Karl Landsteiner, discovered that humans belong to different blood
groups.
Mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping or agglutination. The clumped red cells
can crack and cause toxic reactions. This can have fatal consequences. Karl Landsteiner discovered
that blood clumping was an immunological reaction which occurs when the receiver of a blood
transfusion has antibodies against the donor blood cells.
The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules
called antigens and antibodies. The antigens are located on the surface of the red blood cells and the
antibodies are in the blood plasma. Individuals have different types and combinations of these
molecules. The blood group you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your parents.
There are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today, but the AB0 and
Rh systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. Not all blood groups are
compatible with each other. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or
agglutination, which is dangerous for individuals.
About the game
What you can learn in this game
What are the different blood groups in the AB0(null) and Rh factor blood group systems?
- Blood typing - how do you find out to which blood group someone belongs?
- Who can receive blood from whom in a blood transfusion?
- What happens if someone is given the wrong blood in a blood transfusion?
- What antibodies and antigens occur in the blood of different blood groups?
This educational game is about human blood types, blood typing and blood transfusions. Your
challenge is to save three patients, who have been rushed in to hospital from a car accident, and are
in urgent need of blood transfusions. Your job is to decide to what blood type these patients belong
to in order to administer safe blood transfusions. Try to avoid making mistakes or the patient’s
condition will worsen! In the end you will be evaluated, if you make no mistakes at all you will get all
five out of five blood drops.
In this game you can learn about the eight human blood types:
A Rh-, A Rh +, B Rh-, B Rh+, AB Rh-, AB Rh+, 0 Rh- (0 is null) and 0 Rh+. You can find out in what way
the blood types differ from each other, to what blood type someone belongs and who can receive
blood from whom in a blood transfusion.
The Blood Typing Game – Help/Instructions for Play READ MORE= Help också?
Aim of the game:
Your challenge is to save three patients who have been in a car accident and need blood
transfusions. It is your job to blood type each patient and give them the correct blood. Each patient
has a “health meter” displayed on the left-hand side of the screen that monitors their condition. Try
to avoid making mistakes or the patient’s condition will deteriorate! If you make no mistakes you will
get all five out of five blood drops in the end.
1.
To start the blood typing procedure, click on one of the three patients.
2.
Move the mouse cursor across the test tubes in the "blood typing kit" to take a closer look at their
contents.
Test tube A contains A antibodies; test tube B contains B antibodies; test tube Rh contains Rh
antibodies.
3.
To take the patient's blood, select the syringe using the mouse cursor and drop it on the patient's
arm. The syringe will now be filled with blood.
4.
Drag the syringe back to the test tubes in the blood typing kit and fill the three test tubes with blood
by dropping the syringe on each tube.
5.
The blood will clot in the test tubes if the antigens in the patient's blood match the antibodies in the
test tube. In this example, the blood has clotted in the test tubes marked A and B, but not in the Rh
test tube. This indicates that the patient's blood contains both A and B antigens, but no Rh antigens.
The patient belongs to blood group AB Rh- ("AB Rh minus").
If the blood had clotted in the Rh test tube as well, the patient would have belonged to blood group
AB Rh+ ("AB Rh plus").
6.
Move the mouse cursor across the tubes if you want to take a closer look at what has happened in
the test tubes.
7.
To start again, click on "reset tubes".
8.
Move the mouse cursor across the blood bags at the bottom of the screen to learn what the different
blood groups consist of. The blood bags show the antigens found in a particular blood type.
9.
Give the patient a blood transfusion by selecting one of the blood bags with the mouse cursor and
dropping it on top of the blood bag rack.
10.
When the patient has received enough blood, bring in the next patient by clicking on the "next
patient" sign in the speech bubble.
11.
When all three patients have received their blood transfusions, click on the "party" sign in the speech
bubble for evaluation.
KEY
The girl with red hair belongs to blood group AB Rh- (can receive blood from blood group AB Rh-, B
Rh-, A Rh- or 0 Rh-)
The old man belongs to blood group 0 Rh+ (can receive blood from blood group 0 Rh+ or 0 Rh-)
The boy with pink hair belongs to blood group A Rh+ (can receive blood from blood group A Rh+, A Rh,
0 Rh+ or 0 Rh-)
Who can receive blood from whom?
People with blood group 0 can only receive blood from people with blood group 0.
People with blood group A can receive blood from people with blood group A and 0.
People with blood group B can receive blood from people with blood group B and 0.
People with blood group AB can receive blood from people with blood group AB, A, B, or 0.
Compatible Blood Groups:
People with blood group 0 are called "universal donors" and people with blood group AB are called
"universal receivers".
People with Rh+ blood can receive blood from people with Rh- blood, but not the other way around.
Copyright © Nobel Media AB 2011
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