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Name: ____________________________________________________ Class: _________________________
Ancient Rome Study Guide
1. Name 3 reasons why Italy was an ideal location to settle.
1) __________________________________________________________________________________
2) __________________________________________________________________________________
3) __________________________________________________________________________________
2. Italy is a peninsula that is shaped like a ________ that appears to be kicking _____________.
3. Name the river in Italy. ___________________________
4. What language is used extensively in the fields of medicine, law, and every species of plant and
animal? _____________________________
5. Who did the Romans overthrow, and then the Romans set up the republican form of government
where people were treated fairly? _________________________
6. What monarchy played a major role in shaping Roman civilization until the Romans rebelled because of
the cruel treatment of the people and set up the republican form of government? _________________
7. Identify the mountains that protected Italy from northern invaders. _________________
8. In the Roman Republic, the Senate was part of the government that was made up of what group of
people? _______________________
9. In the Roman Republic, the ruling class and the top officials were the ____________________.
10. Who were the common people in the Roman Republic? They were the farmers, artisans, and
shopkeepers. __________________________
11. Who ruled Rome with absolute power for a short period of time during emergencies? ______________
12. Two _________________ were the head of the Roman government and served for only one term.
13. What was a feature of the Roman government that prevented any one group or body of consolidating
too much power? _________________________________________
14. Why did the plebeians go on strike in 494 B.C.? _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
15. Who represented the plebeians in the Roman Republic? _______________________
16. Many Roman cities surrounded a _____________, marketplace and public square where government
business took place.
17. What are latifundia? ___________________________________________________________________
18. What is a legion? _____________________________________________________________________
19. What were the Twelve Tables? __________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
20. List 4 engineering marvels from ancient Rome. 1) _________________ 2) _______________________
3) ________________________________ 4) ______________________________________________
21. Who did Rome fight in the Punic Wars? Why? _____________________ because __________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
22. Name 5 elements that contributed to the gradual fall of Rome. 1) ______________________________
2) ____________________________________ 3) ___________________________________________
4) ____________________________________ 5) ___________________________________________
23. What is the Justinian Code? _____________________________________________________________
24. The western portion of the Roman Empire fell when _________________ people invaded from
northern Europe.
25. What is the Pax Romana? It started under whose leadership? _________________________________
Under ___________________________________________
26. Why did Julius Caesar create the First Triumvirate? __________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
27. What city in the Byzantine Empire was instrumental in the preservation of ancient Greek and Roman
learning, architecture, and government? __________________________________________
28. Who was the emperor who expanded the Roman Empire to it maximum size? ____________________
29. Who ended the Roman Republic, established the rule of the emperors and brought peace to Rome?
_______________________________
30. Who was the military hero and Rome’s most famous leader responsible for initiating Rome’s move
away from a republic and toward a permanent dictatorship? __________________________________
31. What is the name of the Christian Church that was built during the Byzantine Empire and is decorated
with mosaics? _____________________________