Download The Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration
Chapter19 Sec 1 &
Chapter 20 Sec 1- 4
Many Factors Encourage Exploration
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Europeans seek greater wealth
 Wanted spices and luxury good
The spread of Christianity
 Bartholomeu Dias
Technological Advances
 Caravel – stronger and allowed ships sails allowed ship to sail against
the wind
 Magnetic compass
Portugal Leads the Way
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Portuguese Explore Africa
 Strong government support(Prince Henry)
 Started school of navigation
 Bartolomeu led first voyage to Africa
 10 years later Basco de Gama leads a ship 27,000 miles
around Africa to India.
Spanish Claims
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Christopher Columbus convinced the king and queen he could reach Asia
by sailing west in 1492
Columbus landed in the Americas
 Spain and Portugal argued over the land
 In 1494 Spain and Portugal signs the Treaty of Tordaesillas
 Portugal control eastern parts (Africa, India, and parts of Asia)
 Spain to control western parts (the Americas
 Open up the Americas to European colonization
Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Portugal Trading Empire
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Military Might
 Defeated Muslim fleet to have control over Indian trade.
 Controlled island rich in Spices
Made Portugal wealthy
 Charged 1/5 of cost to Europeans
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Dutch East India Company Becomes Dominate
in Region
Became great navel power (20,000 ships)
Allied w/England to break Portuguese control of trade
 Drove English out of region
 Established East India company to have direct trade with Asia
 Had power to mint money, make treaties and raise own army
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Dutch East India Company Becomes Dominate
in Region
By 1700, the Dutch ruled much Indonesia
England and France gained footholds in India
 Europeans had little impact on most people living in these areas
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Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Chapter 20 Sec 1
Columbus Voyage Paves the Way
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Columbus land on San Salvador and claims it for Spain (Oct. 1492)
 Names natives Indians
 Began process for of European colonization in Americas
Explorer Pedro Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal
 Amerigo Vespucci explored S. American
 America name after Amerigo
Ferdinand Magellan is the first to sail around the globe
 Died halfway around the world
Spain Builds an American Empire
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1519 Hernando Cortes explores Mexico & conquers the Aztec Empire
(led by Montezuma II)
 Had superior weaponry,(rifles and cannons) aid from natives, and
diseases
Pizarro explores Peru & conquers the Incas
 Accepted ransom and still killed Inca’s ruler
Married, imposed their culture and exploited laborers (encomienda),
then replaced with African Slaves
Disease & Slavery decimate the natives of Central America & South
America
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Spain Expands Its Influence
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The Spanish advance into North America
 Coronado led expedition into U.S.
Spanish missionaries follow the soldiers & establish Catholic Missions
 Called for an end to encomienda
Native American people resist Spanish colonization in a variety of ways
 Pushed Spanish back out of NM for 12 years
Competing Claims in North America
Chapter 20 Section 2
European Nations Settle North America
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The French colonize the St. Lawrence & Mississippi river valleys & Fur
trade begins
 Cartier discover Mont Royal
 Champlain claimed Quebec
 Gulf of Mexico became known as New France
The English settle At Jamestown & seek religious freedom
 Jamestown failed
 Pilgrims & Puritans
The Dutch encourage a diverse population in New Netherlands
The Fight for North America
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The English drive the Dutch form New Netherlands & rename the colony
New York
The Seven Years’ War in Europe spills over into French & English
colonists in N. America
 French and Indian War
The English defeat the French & Rule eastern North America
Native American Reaction
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French & Dutch fur traders cooperate, at least at first, with the Native
American peoples
English colonization sparks conflict w/native Americans over land &
religion
Metacom engages the English in King Philip’s War & is Defeated
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European diseases decimate the Native American populations
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Chapter 20 section 3
The Evolution of African Slavery
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Europeans join the developing African slave trade
 Natives died from diseases
Spain and Portugal import slaves to the Americas followed by Holland,
France, and England
 Sugar industry expanded in Brazil
Although many Africans profit from the slave trade, some rulers oppose
it.
 Rulers gave slaves in exchange for Goods
 Slave traders developed new routes
A Forced Journey
African slaves become part of triangular trade involving Europe,
African &Americas
 Millions of slaves endure the middle passage across the Atlantic
 Over 1/5 of Africans died during the middle passage, some by
suicide
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Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade
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African families are torn apart & African culture loses generations of
members
 Population drain & Gun help war spread
 Harsh lives, developed rich culture heritage
Because of slave labor, the economy of America prospers
 Back-breaking labor and farming expertise help colonies survive
Population of the Americas are multicultural
 Cultural blending, mixed race population