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The Age of Exploration Chapter19 Sec 1 & Chapter 20 Sec 1- 4 Many Factors Encourage Exploration Europeans seek greater wealth Wanted spices and luxury good The spread of Christianity Bartholomeu Dias Technological Advances Caravel – stronger and allowed ships sails allowed ship to sail against the wind Magnetic compass Portugal Leads the Way Portuguese Explore Africa Strong government support(Prince Henry) Started school of navigation Bartolomeu led first voyage to Africa 10 years later Basco de Gama leads a ship 27,000 miles around Africa to India. Spanish Claims Christopher Columbus convinced the king and queen he could reach Asia by sailing west in 1492 Columbus landed in the Americas Spain and Portugal argued over the land In 1494 Spain and Portugal signs the Treaty of Tordaesillas Portugal control eastern parts (Africa, India, and parts of Asia) Spain to control western parts (the Americas Open up the Americas to European colonization Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean Portugal Trading Empire Military Might Defeated Muslim fleet to have control over Indian trade. Controlled island rich in Spices Made Portugal wealthy Charged 1/5 of cost to Europeans Dutch East India Company Becomes Dominate in Region Became great navel power (20,000 ships) Allied w/England to break Portuguese control of trade Drove English out of region Established East India company to have direct trade with Asia Had power to mint money, make treaties and raise own army Dutch East India Company Becomes Dominate in Region By 1700, the Dutch ruled much Indonesia England and France gained footholds in India Europeans had little impact on most people living in these areas Spanish Conquests in the Americas Chapter 20 Sec 1 Columbus Voyage Paves the Way Columbus land on San Salvador and claims it for Spain (Oct. 1492) Names natives Indians Began process for of European colonization in Americas Explorer Pedro Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal Amerigo Vespucci explored S. American America name after Amerigo Ferdinand Magellan is the first to sail around the globe Died halfway around the world Spain Builds an American Empire 1519 Hernando Cortes explores Mexico & conquers the Aztec Empire (led by Montezuma II) Had superior weaponry,(rifles and cannons) aid from natives, and diseases Pizarro explores Peru & conquers the Incas Accepted ransom and still killed Inca’s ruler Married, imposed their culture and exploited laborers (encomienda), then replaced with African Slaves Disease & Slavery decimate the natives of Central America & South America Spain Expands Its Influence The Spanish advance into North America Coronado led expedition into U.S. Spanish missionaries follow the soldiers & establish Catholic Missions Called for an end to encomienda Native American people resist Spanish colonization in a variety of ways Pushed Spanish back out of NM for 12 years Competing Claims in North America Chapter 20 Section 2 European Nations Settle North America The French colonize the St. Lawrence & Mississippi river valleys & Fur trade begins Cartier discover Mont Royal Champlain claimed Quebec Gulf of Mexico became known as New France The English settle At Jamestown & seek religious freedom Jamestown failed Pilgrims & Puritans The Dutch encourage a diverse population in New Netherlands The Fight for North America The English drive the Dutch form New Netherlands & rename the colony New York The Seven Years’ War in Europe spills over into French & English colonists in N. America French and Indian War The English defeat the French & Rule eastern North America Native American Reaction French & Dutch fur traders cooperate, at least at first, with the Native American peoples English colonization sparks conflict w/native Americans over land & religion Metacom engages the English in King Philip’s War & is Defeated European diseases decimate the Native American populations The Atlantic Slave Trade Chapter 20 section 3 The Evolution of African Slavery Europeans join the developing African slave trade Natives died from diseases Spain and Portugal import slaves to the Americas followed by Holland, France, and England Sugar industry expanded in Brazil Although many Africans profit from the slave trade, some rulers oppose it. Rulers gave slaves in exchange for Goods Slave traders developed new routes A Forced Journey African slaves become part of triangular trade involving Europe, African &Americas Millions of slaves endure the middle passage across the Atlantic Over 1/5 of Africans died during the middle passage, some by suicide Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade African families are torn apart & African culture loses generations of members Population drain & Gun help war spread Harsh lives, developed rich culture heritage Because of slave labor, the economy of America prospers Back-breaking labor and farming expertise help colonies survive Population of the Americas are multicultural Cultural blending, mixed race population