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The Most Plentiful Elements The tables below show the most abundant element in the atmosphere, sea, and crust of the earth. Use the data table to answer the questions. There are 92 naturally occurring elements on our planet. However, there are millions of different materials, including over 2500 minerals. Explain how this can be? _____________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ The first eight elements list in the Crust table make up what percentage of the earth’s crust? ____ Which element is most abundant? ________ Atomic number _____ Symbol _____ What is the second most abundant? __________ Atomic number? ______ Symbol ____ Silicon Dioxide is a compound containing one silicon atoms and two oxygen atoms Together they make the mineral quartz. It is a relatively hard mineral. The sand on beaches is made of quartz that has been weathered, eroded and later accumulated along the ocean shore. What would the formula be for quartz? _____________. Together oxygen and silicon make up what percent of the earth’s crust? ______ Elements in Crust Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium Others % mass 46.71 27.69 8.07 5.05 3.65 2.75 2.58 2.08 1.42 Fill out the chart for the following elements: Gold, Silver, and Platinum. Element Symbol Number of Group Period Protons Gold Silver Platinum These elements are considered precious metals. One meaning of precious is of great value or high price. Why do you think these metals are so costly? Refer to the Crust table. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Use map colors; create a key by coloring each element on the data chart a different color. Complete the pie graph by labeling each section with the appropriate elements symbol and coloring the pie graph with the same color you used in the chart. What is the most plentiful element in the atmosphere? _________ Is it a metal or nonmetal? Are oxygen and nitrogen found in the same family or period or neither? Circle one. There is a lot of talk about global warming. CO2 is the major green house gas. Is it a compound or mixture? What percent of the atmosphere’s volume is carbon?______ Elements in the atmosphere Nitrogen Oxygen Argon Carbon Others % vol 78.08 20.95 0.93 < 0.01 trace Is the atmosphere a mixture or compound? Explain. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ In general, what can you say about the difference between elements found in the atmosphere and elements found in the earth’s crust? Solid and gas will not be enough. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Elements in the ocean Oxygen Hydrogen Chlorine Sodium Magnesium Sulfur Calcium Potassium Others The most common salt in the ocean is Sodium Chloride. Its symbol is NaCl. Na is a ____________ element found 85.7 the on ________ side of the periodic table. Chlorine is a 10.8 ______________ found on the __________ side of the periodic table. Together they form an ionic bond. Sodium 1.9 “gives” one of its electrons to Cl. 1.05 0.14 Would the ocean be a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture in terms of the element dissolved in it? 0.09 0.04 What about in terms of the plants and animals in it? 0.04 _________ % mass Trace Is the list of elements in the ocean more like the earth’s crust list or the atmosphere list? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Create a bar graph depicting the information in one of the charts above. You may pick atmosphere, ocean, or crust. Place your elements along the x – axis and your percentages along the y – axis. Be sure to include a key and all the characteristics of quality graph, including a title.