Download midterm study guide answer key

Physical Science – MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE ANSWER KEY
Figure 1-1
What type of graph is represented by Figure 1-1?______LINE___________________________
Work is a transfer of_____________ENERGY____________________________
What is transferred by a force moving an object through a distance?_______ENERGY______________
The energy of motion is called________KINETIC ENERGY________________
A small 50-kilogram canoe is floating downriver at a speed of 2 m/s. What is the canoe’s kinetic energy?____100J_________________
A 12-kg sled is moving at a speed of 3.0 m/s. At which speed will the sled have twice as much kinetic energy? (Hint- several steps are
involved- ask for help!!)______4.2 m/s_____________________
An object’s gravitational potential energy is directly related to ____MASS AND HEIGHT__________________
Give an example of an object with elastic potential energy?______STRETCHED RUBBER BAND________________
Why is the gravitational potential energy of an object 1 meter above the moon’s surface less than its potential energy 1 meter above Earth’s
surface?_________MOON’S GRAVITY IS LESS____________________
A 6-kilogram dog is resting on top of a desk that is 1.5 meters high. What is the cat’s gravitational potential energy relative to the floor if the acceleration
due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2?_____78 J____________________________
The gravitational potential energy of an object is always measured relative to the________REFERENCE LEVEL HEIGHT______________________
The energy stored in gasoline is________CHEMICAL ENERGY______________________
The total potential and kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles in an object make up its_____MECHANICAL
ENERGY_________________________
Walking converts what type of energy into mechanical energy? ___________CHEMICAL___________________
Nuclear power plants are designed to convert nuclear energy into what type of energy? _____ELECTRICAL ENERGY_________________________
Solar cells convert what type of energy into electrical energy? _______ELECTROMAGNETIC_______________________
What is the law of conservation of energy? _____ENERGY CANT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED_________________________
The mechanical energy of an object equals its______PE + KE________________________
If objects get hot enough they can emit _______LIGHT_______________________
In what substance would conduction happen faster- metal or wood? _________METAL_____________________
A drawback of solar energy is that it_________DEPENDS ON CLIMATE_____________________
What is the transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter? ___________RADIATION___________________
In order for conduction to occur, materials must be_____TOUCHING_________________________
An example of a good conductor is____METAL__________________________
If a material does not conduct thermal energy well it is known as an________INSULATOR______________________
When hot air rises and cool air sinks, what is taking place? ______CONVECTION________________________
The transfer of energy by waves is_______RADIATION_______________________
How are science and technology related? _________ADVANCES IN EITHER CAN AFFECT BOTH_____________________
In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses? __________OBSERVATION____________________
What is a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature? ______SCIENTIFIC LAW________________________
Why are scientific models important? _________HELP SEE THINGS TOO BIG OR TOO SMALL_____________________
Name an example of a safe laboratory procedure? ____TIE BACK HAIR, READ DIRECTIONS,ETC__________________________
Describe clocks that offer the most precision ________STOPWATCHES WITH MILLISECONDS______________________
What is a system of knowledge and the methods used to find that knowledge? _______SCIENCE______________________
What are the building blocks of all matter? __________ATOMS____________________
What happens when the data in an investigation do not support the original hypothesis? __________REVISE HYPOTHESES____________________
Can scientific theories be proven? ________________NO______________
What is the most important safety rule? _________FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS_____________________
How is 0.00025 written in scientific notation? ______2.5 X 10-4________________________
What is 1 centimeter equal to? ___________10 mm___________________
On the Celsius scale, at what temperature does water boil? ______100 DEGRESS CELISUS________________________
How do scientists communicate the results of investigations? ________EMAILS, JOURNALS, ETC______________________
Newton’s third law of motion describes______ACTION/REACTION FORCES________________________
As an astronaut travels far away from Earth, her weight____DECREASES__________________________
Describe a distance that can be accurately measured with a ruler? _____WIDTH OF A BOOK_________________________
A person drives north 3 blocks, then turns east and drives 3 blocks. The driver then turns south and drives 3 blocks. How could the driver have made the
distance shorter while maintaining the same displacement? ________DRIVE 3 BLOCKS EAST______________________
Objects in free fall near the surface of the Earth experience_______CONSTANT ACCELERATION_______________________
A person walks 1 mile every day for exercise, leaving her front porch at 9:00 A.M. and returning to her front porch at 9:25 A.M. What is the total
displacement of her daily walk? ________0 MILES______________________
A car traveled 88 km in 1 hour, 90 km in the next 2 hours, and then 76 km in 1 hour before reaching its destination. What was the car’s average speed?
________________63.5 KM/HR______________
The slope of a speed-time graph indicates___________ACCELERATION___________________
An object moving at 30 m/s takes 5 s to come to a stop. What is the object’s acceleration? _______________-6M/S2_______________
What is the momentum of a 50-kilogram ice skater gliding across the ice at a speed of 2 m/s? _________100 KG X M/S_____________________
A horizontal line on a distance-time graph means the object is______AT REST________________________
The product of an object’s mass and velocity is its_____________MOMENTUM_________________
When an unbalanced force acts on an object, ____ACCERLATION OCCURS__________________________
Why is the gravitational potential energy of an object 1 meter above the moon’s surface less than its potential energy 1 meter above Earth’s surface?
_______MOONS GRAVITY IS LESS_______________________
The drag force acting on an falling sky diver is also known as ___AIR RESISTANCE______________________.
The force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move pass each other is called _____FRICTION_______________.
A car’s speedometer measures ___SPEED_____________________.
When a falling object reaches terminal velocity, the net force acting on it is _____ZERO_______________.
The force of gravity acting on an object is the object’s ______WEIGHT______________.
If the forces acting on an object produce a net force of zero, the forces are called __________BALANCED_______________.
The slope of a line on a distance-time graph is____________SPEED__________________
The forces acting on a falling leaf are____________AIR RESISTANCE AND GRAVITY__________________
Vector addition is used when motion involves______CHANGE IN VELOCITY________________________
An orange might roll off your cafeteria tray when you stop suddenly because of_____________INERTIA_________________
What kind of friction occurs as a fish swims through water? ______________FLUID________________
An object that is accelerating may be___________SLOWING DOWN, SPEEDING UP, CHANGING DIRECTION___________________
An open parachute increases air resistance of a falling sky diver by____________INCREASING SURFACE AREA__________________
Describe constant acceleration due ONLY to a change in direction_______BALL ROLLING ON CIRCULAR TRACK_______________________
The rate at which velocity changes is called_________ACCELERATION_____________________
The gravitational force between two objects increases as mass_____INCREASES OR DISTANCE DECREASES_________________________
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on the object divided by the
object’s_____MASS_________________________
One kilometer equals 1000 meters. What does the prefix kilo- mean? __________ONE THOUSAND____________________
Describe an appropriate SI unit to express the speed of a cyclist in the last leg of a 10-km race ______M /S________________________
Describe a situation where action and reaction forces are involved ___________NAIL HITS HAMMER, HAMMER HITS NAIL___________________
Describe a change in motion that produces acceleration_____TURNING AROUND_________________________
Your weight equals your_________MASS X GRAVITY_____________________
Suppose you increase your walking speed from 1 m/s to 3 m/s in a period of 2 s. What is your acceleration? _____________1 M/S2_________________
A ball is rolled uphill a distance of 3 meters before it slows, stops, and begins to roll back. The ball rolls downhill 6 meters before coming to rest against a
tree. What is the magnitude of the ball’s displacement? _______3 M_______________________