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Physical Science – MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Figure 1-1
What type of graph is represented by Figure 1-1?_________________________________
Work is a transfer of_________________________________________
What is transferred by a force moving an object through a distance?_____________________
The energy of motion is called________________________
A small 50-kilogram canoe is floating downriver at a speed of 2 m/s. What is the canoe’s kinetic energy?_____________________
A 12-kg sled is moving at a speed of 3.0 m/s. At which of the following speeds will the sled have twice as much kinetic energy? (Hintseveral steps are involved- ask for help!!)_____________________________
An object’s gravitational potential energy is directly related to ______________________
Give an example of an object with elastic potential energy?______________________
Why is the gravitational potential energy of an object 1 meter above the moon’s surface less than its potential energy 1 meter above Earth’s
surface?_____________________________
A 6-kilogram dog is resting on top of a desk that is 1.5 meters high. What is the cat’s gravitational potential energy relative to the floor if the acceleration
due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2?_________________________________
The gravitational potential energy of an object is always measured relative to the______________________________
The energy stored in gasoline is______________________________
The total potential and kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles in an object make up its______________________________
Walking converts what type of energy into mechanical energy? ______________________________
Nuclear power plants are designed to convert nuclear energy into what type of energy? ______________________________
Solar cells convert what type of energy into electrical energy? ______________________________
What is the law of conservation of energy? ______________________________
The mechanical energy of an object equals its______________________________
If objects get hot enough they can emit ______________________________
In what substance would conduction happen faster- metal or wood? ______________________________
A drawback of solar energy is that it______________________________
What is the transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter? ______________________________
In order for conduction to occur, materials must be______________________________
An example of a good conductor is______________________________
If a material does not conduct thermal energy well it is known as an______________________________
When hot air rises and cool air sinks, what is taking place? ______________________________
The transfer of energy by waves is______________________________
How are science and technology related? ______________________________
In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses? ______________________________
What is a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature? ______________________________
Why are scientific models important? ______________________________
Name an example of a safe laboratory procedure? ______________________________
Describe clocks that offer the most precision ______________________________
What is a system of knowledge and the methods used to find that knowledge? ______________________________
What are the building blocks of all matter? ______________________________
What happens when the data in an investigation do not support the original hypothesis? ______________________________
Can scientific theories be proven? ______________________________
What is the most important safety rule? ______________________________
How is 0.00025 written in scientific notation? ______________________________
What is 1 centimeter equal to? ______________________________
On the Celsius scale, at what temperature does water boil? ______________________________
How do scientists communicate the results of investigations? ______________________________
Newton’s third law of motion describes______________________________
As an astronaut travels far away from Earth, her weight______________________________
Describe a distance that can be accurately measured with a ruler? ______________________________
A person drives north 3 blocks, then turns east and drives 3 blocks. The driver then turns south and drives 3 blocks. How could the driver have made the
distance shorter while maintaining the same displacement? ______________________________
Objects in free fall near the surface of the Earth experience______________________________
A person walks 1 mile every day for exercise, leaving her front porch at 9:00 A.M. and returning to her front porch at 9:25 A.M. What is the total
displacement of her daily walk? ______________________________
A car traveled 88 km in 1 hour, 90 km in the next 2 hours, and then 76 km in 1 hour before reaching its destination. What was the car’s average speed?
______________________________
The slope of a speed-time graph indicates______________________________
An object moving at 30 m/s takes 5 s to come to a stop. What is the object’s acceleration? ______________________________
What is the momentum of a 50-kilogram ice skater gliding across the ice at a speed of 2 m/s? ______________________________
A horizontal line on a distance-time graph means the object is______________________________
The product of an object’s mass and velocity is its______________________________
When an unbalanced force acts on an object, ______________________________
Why is the gravitational potential energy of an object 1 meter above the moon’s surface less than its potential energy 1 meter above Earth’s surface?
______________________________
The drag force acting on an falling sky diver is also known as _________________________.
The force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move pass each other is called ____________________.
A car’s speedometer measures _________________________.
When a falling object reaches terminal velocity, the net force acting on it is ____________________.
The force of gravity acting on an object is the object’s ____________________.
If the forces acting on an object produce a net force of zero, the forces are called _________________________.
The slope of a line on a distance-time graph is______________________________
The forces acting on a falling leaf are______________________________
Vector addition is used when motion involves______________________________
An orange might roll off your cafeteria tray when you stop suddenly because of______________________________
What kind of friction occurs as a fish swims through water? ______________________________
An object that is accelerating may be______________________________
An open parachute increases air resistance of a falling sky diver by______________________________
Describe constant acceleration due ONLY to a change in direction______________________________
The rate at which velocity changes is called______________________________
The gravitational force between two objects increases as mass______________________________
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on the object divided by the
object’s______________________________
One kilometer equals 1000 meters. What does the prefix kilo- mean? ______________________________
Describe an appropriate SI unit to express the speed of a cyclist in the last leg of a 10-km race ______________________________
Describe a situation where action and reaction forces are involved ______________________________
Describe a change in motion that produces acceleration______________________________
Your weight equals your______________________________
Suppose you increase your walking speed from 1 m/s to 3 m/s in a period of 2 s. What is your acceleration? ______________________________
A ball is rolled uphill a distance of 3 meters before it slows, stops, and begins to roll back. The ball rolls downhill 6 meters before coming to rest against a
tree. What is the magnitude of the ball’s displacement? ______________________________