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VOCABULARY 2
Operations with Rational Numbers and Measure of Central Tendency
Range
absolute value
The difference between the highest
and lowest values.
The distance of a number from zero on
a number line.
Absolute value is represented by the
symbol .
Example: 5  5
5  5
fraction
simplest form
A number representing some part of a
A fraction is in simplest form when the
greatest common factor of the
numerator and denominator is 1.
whole. A quotient in the form
Example:
a
.
b
1 2
,
2 3
Example:
1 2 3
, ,
2 3 5
improper fraction
mixed number
A fraction in which the numerator is
greater than the denominator.
A number composed of a whole number
and a fraction.
Example:
13 7 25
, ,
5 2 9
2
3
Example: 1 ,5
3
4
sum
difference
The answer to an addition problem.
The answer to a subtraction problem.
3+5 = 8
10-4 = 6
sum
difference
product
quotient
The answer to a multiplication problem.
The answer to a division problem.
5  4 = 20
product
40  5 = 8
quotient
reciprocal
mean absolute deviation
The multiplicative inverse of a number.
The product of reciprocals is 1.
The average of the absolute values of
differences between the mean and
each value in a data set.
Example:
1 4
,
4 1
2 3
,
3 2
1 4 4
  1
4 1 4
2 3 6
  1
3 2 6
measures of central tendency
mean
Used to interpret data by choosing one
number to represent the whole set of
data or where the data is centered.
The sum of the numbers in a data set
divided by how many items are in the
set. Also called the average.
Mean, median and mode are measures
of central tendency.
The mean does not accurately
represent a set of data if there are
outliers.
median
mode
The middle number in a set of data
that is ordered from least to greatest.
If there is an even number of items in
the data set, the median is the average
of the two middle numbers.
The number that appears most often in
a data set. There may be one, more
than one, or no mode.
The mode is not affected by outliers.
The median is not affected by outliers.
Random
population
Outcomes occur at random if each
outcome is equally likely to occur.
The entire group of items or individuals
from which the samples under
consideration are taken.
bias
A sample drawn in such a way that one
or more parts of the population are
favored over others.