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Functions on EXCEL Normsdit Normsdit(x;mean;standars_dev;cumulative) EX: If the random variable X that represents the length in one of the human societies divided according to the normal distribution with an average 165 cm and a standard deviation of 5 cm founding value of the normative values of X = 172 ? So: =NORMDIST(172;165;5;TRUE) Report: Returns the normal distribution for the specified mean and standard deviation. This function has a very wide range of applications in statistics, including hypothesis testing. Norminv Normsinv(probability;mean;standard_dev) EX: For example: If a random variable X which is the length in one of the human societies divided by the normal distribution with an average of 165 centimeters and standard deviation of five founding value of X if the criterion value is Z = 0.919243? So: =NORMINV(0.919243;165;5) Report: Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution for the specified mean and standard deviation. 1 logest Logest(known_y's;known_x's;const;stats) EX: Enter the data through the Excel program and then Find the logarithm of the data So: =LOGEST(A2:A7;B2:B7;TRUE;FALSE) Report: In regression analysis, calculates an exponential curve that fits your data and returns an array of values that describes the curve. Because this function returns an array of values, it must be entered as an array formula. 2 Average Average ( number 1; number 2;..) EX: If sample X=2,4,6,8,10 Find the average of these numbers So: = AVERAGE(A2:A6) Report: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. 3 Binomdist Binomial(x; n, ; p; true) Binomdist (number-s; trials; probability _s ; cumulative ) EX: If a publisher wants to know the probability of publishing three bestselling books out of a set of ten books when the probability of publishing a best-selling book is ten percent, the formula is : So: = BINOMDIST(3;10;0.1;FALSE) Report: Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability. Use BINOMDIST in problems with a fixed number of tests or trials, when the outcomes of any trial are only success or failure, when trials are independent, and when the probability of success is constant throughout the experiment. For example, BINOMDIST can calculate the probability that two of the next three babies born are male. 4 Chidist Chidist( x;deg_freedom) EX: P(χ2 < 2) = ?? with df=5 OR P(χ2 2) = ?? with df=5 So: =CHIDIST(2,5) Report: Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. The χ2 distribution is associated with a χ2 test. Use the χ2 test to compare observed and expected values. For example, a genetic experiment might hypothesize that the next generation of plants will exhibit a certain set of colors. By comparing the observed results with the expected ones, you can decide whether your original hypothesis is valid. Chiinv Chiinv(probability;deg_freedom) EX: P(χ2 <a)=0.849145 with df=5, find the value a? So: =chiinv(0.849145,5) Report: Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. If probability = CHIDIST(x,...), then CHIINV (probability,...) = x. Use this function to compare observed results with expected ones in order to decide whether your original hypothesis is valid. 5 Correl Correl (array1;array2) EX: Find the Correlation coefficient for the following data Array 1 5 7 8 5 7 9 Array 2 3 5 6 6 6 7 So: =CORREL(A2:A7;B2:B7) The correlation coefficient between two variable is 67.9% Report: Returns the correlation coefficient of the array1 and array2 cell ranges. Use the correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between two properties. For example, you can examine the relationship between a location's average temperature and the use of air conditioners. 6 Count Count(value1;value2;….) EX: So: Report: The COUNT function counts the number of cells that contain numbers, and counts numbers within the list of arguments 7 Counta Counta(value1;value2;….) EX: So: Report: The COUNTA function counts the number of cells that are not empty in a range (range: Two or more cells on a sheet. The cells in a range can be adjacent or nonadjacent.). 8 Fdist Fdist(x:deg_freedom1:freedom2) EX: f-value equals 0.5 And assume that both samples number 10 items, which means both samples have degrees of freedom equal to 9. The formula: So: =FDIST(0.5,9,9) Report: Returns the F probability distribution. You can use this function to determine whether two data sets have different degrees of diversity. For example, you can examine the test scores of men and women entering high school and determine if the variability in the females is different from that found in the males. 9 Finv Finv(probability;deg_freedom1; deg_freedom2) EX: f-distribution probability equals 0.841761297 . And assume that both samples number 10 items, which means both samples have degrees of freedom equal to 9. The formula : So: =FINV(0.841761297, 9, 9) Report: The F distribution can be used in an F-test that compares the degree of variability in two data sets. For example, you can analyze income distributions in the United States and Canada to determine whether the two countries have a similar degree of income diversity. 10 Tdist Tdist(x;deg_freedom:ails) EX: to calculate the two-tailed probability of the t-value 2.093025 given 19 degrees of freedom :, you use the following formula So: =TDIST(2.093025,19,2) Report: Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student tdistribution where a numeric value (x) is a calculated value of t for which the Percentage Points are to be computed. The t-distribution is used in the hypothesis testing of small sample data sets. Use this function in place of a table of critical values for the t-distribution. Tinv Tinv( x ; deg_freedom ;tails ) EX: To calculate the t-value given a 0.05 probability and 19 degrees of freedom, for example, use the following formula : So: =TINV(0.05,19) Report: Returns the t-value of the Student's t-distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of freedom. 11 Hypgeomdist Hypgeomdist(sample_s;number_sample;population_s;…) EX: suppose you want to calculate the probability that in a sample of 30 items, 5 will be successful . And suppose you know that within a 4,000-item population, You use the following formula to make this calculation 1,000 are successful So: =HYPGEOMDIST(5,30,1000,4000) Report: Returns the hypergeometric distribution. HYPGEOMDIST returns the probability of a given number of sample successes, given the sample size, population successes, and population size. Use HYPGEOMDIST for problems with a finite population, where each observation is either a success or a failure, and where each subset of a given size is chosen with equal likelihood. 12 Max Max(number1;number2;….) EX: Scores of the students(10,11,13,15,8,5) a valuable stage in high school mathematics calculate the values of max : So: =MAX(A1:A6) Report: Returns the largest value in a set of values. Min Min(number1;number2;….) EX: Scores of the students(10,11,13,15,8,5) a valuable stage in high school mathematics calculate the values of min : So: = MIN(A1:A6) Report: Returns the smallest number in a set of values. 13