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CHAPTER 1: “BONAPARTE’S EMPIRE,” (pp. 8—47)
PULSE OF ENTERPRISE: TIMEFRAME AD 1800—1850
1. What was the French Revolution’s equivalent of Life, Liberty , and the Pursuit of
Happiness? _________, ______________, _________________
2. What Mediterranean island was Napoleon Bonaparte from? ______________
3. Who was the first wife of Napoleon? __________________
4—5. What office, with the Pope’s blessing, did Napoleon assume in 1804? _________
_____________________ What had been his title immediately preceding this ceremony?
_____________________
6.
At the turn of the century, Napoleon moved into this former royal palace?
____________________
7.
The more common name for the new Civil Code, the consolidation of the legal
reforms
that
followed
as
a
result
of
the
French
Revolution?
_____________________________
8.
In 1801, the Ancien Regime’s system of weights and measures was replaced with
this new system. ___________________
9.
In 1803, in part to ensure American neutrality in case of a French war against
England, Napoleon sold this territory to the United States. __________________
10. The year England declared war on Napoleon’s France. ______________
11. The new unit of French currency was introduced as a reform of the Revolution in the
1790s. _________________
12. This national French museum was founded in 1793 with treasures seized from the
king and dispossessed nobles. _______________
13. Despite the death of Admiral Horatio Nelson, the British effectively destroyed the
French Navy in this 1806 battle off the coast of Spain. ______________________
14. Napoleon’s attempt to prevent all British goods from reaching Europe. _________
_________________________
15. The series of 65 etchings by this painter documenting Spain’s attempt to resist
occupation by Napoleon;s France are regarded as amongst history’s most profound
documents of war. ____________________________________________
16. The czar at the time of France’s invasion of Russia. _______________________
17. Despite the capture of this city, Napoleon ordered a general retreat from Russia in
October 1812. _____________
18. Britain’s maritime blockade of France led to a war with this previously neutral
nation in 1812. _____________________
19—20. After the fall of Paris in March 1814, Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to this
tiny island off the coast of Tuscany. _________________ The ruler the victors chose to
replace Napoleon. ________________
21—23. The final defeat of Napoleon came outside this Belgian village in June 1815.
__________________ The leader of the British forces at this battle. ______________
________________
The South Atlantic island on which Napoleon was imprisoned
during the last six years of his life. __________________
24—25. This diplomatic conference of 1814—1815 attempted to bring order to postNapoleonic Europe. _________________________ This Austrian foreign minister is
the individual most associated with the conservative, balance-of-power approach
associated with the conference. _______________________________
26. He became a constitutional monarch in 1830 with strictly limited powers after his
predecessor, Charles X, attempted to recapture the glories of the pre-Revolutionary
crown. _________________________
27. In 1840, two decades after his death, Napoleon’s remains were transferred to this
Paris location. __________________________
28—29. In January 1848, these two writers collaborated in the writing of the Communist
Manifesto, which called upon the workers of Europe to rise in revolt. _______________,
_____________________________
30. This new French government was declared in February 1848. __________________
31. In November 1848, he was driven from Rome by nationalist Italian forces. _______
_____________________
32. In December 1848, this nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte was elected president of
France. ________________________
TRUE OR FALSE
33. The king of France was executed during the French Revolution.
_____
34.
Napoleon challenged the Catholic Church head on, pushing even further with
anticlerical measures than those seen at the height of the Revolution.
_____
CHAPTER 2: “INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN,” (pp. 49—81)
PULSE OF ENTERPRISE: TIMEFRAME AD 1800—1850
1. These pieces of British legislation helped to consolidate English agriculture into
larger holdings as they reorganized parishes and fenced off formerly common land as
the property of the local landlord. _________________________
2. The London docks were along this river. _______________
3. Founded in a London coffeehouse in 1762, it had grown by the turn of the century
into a respected national institution and thus helped to make the capital necessary for
major business investment. ___________________
4. By the 1750s, this accounted for some 50% of Britain’s export trade. ___________
5. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, thousands of miles of these new
transportation routes linked all of England’s major rivers and cities. ___________
6. This Scottish engineer virtually reinvented steam power beginning in 1773 with a
series of new, constantly improving engines. ________________
7. This Staffordshire entrepreneur made his fortune by introducing the new steam power
to the manufacture of pottery. _________________________
8. Named after a Midlands apprentice, these organized bands smashed textilemanufacturing and their masters’ home in an 1812-13 protest movement against the
emerging factory system. _________________
9. This protectionist legislation of 1815 was supported by a powerful lobby of
landowners within Parliament but, in raising the price of grain, provoked discontent
amongst the urban poor. ________________
10. Eleven were killed and several hundred were wounded when the militia were sent in
to break up a protest demonstration in this northern industrial city in 1819, an incident
which both galvanized the early labor movement and stimulated the push for electoral
reform. ______________________
11. Philosopher James Mill coined this term to describe the new economic system that
was gaining increasing credibility in industrializing Britain. __________________
12. The name given to underpopulated, overrepresented electoral districts, they became
symbols of nineteenth century British political corruption. ____________________
13. The reform act of this year significantly opened up the British political process,
giving the new manufacturing towns representation in Parliament and giving middleclass makes the right to vote. _______________
14. This successful textile magnate helped to create the Grand National Consolidated
Trades Union and struggled at his New Lanark mill to experiment with workplace,
social, and educational arrangements that might help in an industrial utopia of
manager-laborer harmony. ________________
15. She ascended to the British throne in 1837. ___________________________
16. This Geneva-born French philosopher is often identified as a thinker in the Romantic
tradition for his celebration of natural man uncorrupted by the restraints and artifice
of modern civilization. _______________________________
17. Dying of fever in 1824 after going to Greece help fight in its struggle for
independence from Ottoman Turkey, he is often taken as the very epitome of the
Romantic poet. _________________________
TRUE OR FALSE
18. The newly-wealthy industrialists of the early nineteenth century dominated British
politics.
_____
19. One would expect a Romantic writer of the nineteenth century to criticize the
superstitions and colorful traditions of the Middle Ages as irrational and
unrestrained.
_____
20. Romantic writers tended to be fascinated by exotic locations and cultures, including
those of the Orient.
_____
CHAPTER 3: “LIBERATION FOR LATIN AMERICA,” (pp. 83-105)
PULSE OF ENTERPRISE: TIMEFRAME AD 1800—1850
1. From the sixteenth century through the end of the eighteenth, most of South and
Central America was controlled by this nation. _____________
2. What one South American nation was a colony of Portugal? _______________
3. The number of viceroys entrusted with administering Spanish control of Latin
America. ________________
4. In 1800, 90% of the world’s production of this precious metal came from Spain’s
New World colonies. __________________
5. This was the most important crop of Spain’s Caribbean colonies. ____________
6—11. THE RACIAL HIERARCHY OF SPANISH AMERICA. Match the following
terms with the appropriate description.
-peninsulares
_____
-Creoles
_____
-mestizos
_____
-mulattoes
_____
-pardos
_____
-zambos
_____
a) The name used by whites to refer to all free nonwhite people.
b) Colonists of mixed European and African background.
c) Numbering only 40,000 in 1800, these European-born Spaniards were the most
privileged of colonists.
d) Whites born in the New World.
e) Colonists of mixed white and Indian blood.
f) Those of mixed black and Indian blood.
12. This Peruvian Indian who claimed descent from the Incas led 60,000 followers in an
unsuccessful rebellion in 1780. __________________________
13. The name given to the large agricultural estates of Spanish America, their produce
formed a major proportion of the region’s exports. _________________
14—15. A rebellion on the French island of Saint Domingue led to the birth of this
Caribbean nation in 1804. _______________ The former slave who led this rebellion.
__________________________
16. Known throughout South America as the Liberator, he would become President of
Colombia and the preeminent symbol of the early nineteenth-century struggle
against Spanish colonial rule. ________________________
17. The invasion of Spain by this ruler would have a major impact upon independence
movements in Latin America. _____________________
18. In 1819, Bolivar crossed these mountains to take the Spaniards of New Granada by
surprise. _____________
19. After helping to consolidate the thrusting off of Spanish control in his native
Argentina, he successfully teamed with Bernardo O’Higgins and descended from the
mountains to capture Santiago, the capital of Chile. _______________________
20. In 1824, at a time when Spain still controlled much of this country, the republican
parliament appointed Bolivan dictator. _______________
21. The Spanish were defeated in battle in Upper Peru in 1825; Upper Peru declared its
independence, adopting this as its name. ____________________
22. These military strongmen would come to play an extremely important role in the
politics of post-independence Latin America. ____________________
23—24. What two regions of South America were visited by Charles Darwin in the
1830s, profoundly influencing his developing ideas about evolution. _______________,
__________________________________.
25—26. Part of the impetus for Britain’s early nineteenth century exploration of the
Arctic was the continuing search for this elusive seaway linking the Atlantic and Pacific
oceans. ___________________________ This Englishman and his crew of 129 died in
1848 while exploring the Arctic. ______________________
TRUE OR FALSE
27. Spanish America was only allowed to trade through the Spanish port of Cadiz. ____
28. Slavery had been largely eliminated in Spanish America by 1800.
_____
29. The most important source of the nineteenth century liberation struggles in Spanish
America was the economic exploitation of the Creole class.
_____
30. Like Thomas Jefferson, Simon Bolivar had slaves.
_____
31. Thousands of British veterans responded to the appeals of Spain’s South American
colonists and helped them to fight for their independence.
_____
CHAPTER 4: “THE OPENING OF CHINA,”
(pp. 107-131)
PULSE OF ENTERPRISE: TIMEFRAME AD 1800—1850
1. Even into the eighteenth century, the Chinese still referred to their land as this,
indicative of their belief that China was the center of the world. ___________________
2—3. The leader of the 1793 British expedition designed to open China to Western
trade. ______________________________________ The act of ritual prostration that
he refused to do. ______________
4—8.
Name five inventions Chinese scientists had perfected long before their
counterparts in the West. _____________, _________________, _________________,
__________________, _______________________.
9. In the late eighteenth century, this Chinese dynasty, having swept down from their
mountain homeland in Manchu to oust the last Ming emperor 150 years earlier, was at its
height. ________________
10. The most visible reminder that the Manchus were conquerors from the North, it had
been imposed on the Chinese as a symbol of their authority. _________________
11—12.
A Portuguese trading post had been established at this site in 1557.
_______________ The only other city in which foreigners were permitted to live, even
here they were restricted to a small waterfront area outside the city walls. ____________
13. The European company with the largest share of the West’s trade with China in the
late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. _________________________________
14—16. In the triangular trade between Britain, India, and China, the British shipped
_______________ to India; Indian ___________ to China: and then Chinese
____________________________ back to Britain.
17. The commodity used by the British to forcibly redress the early nineteenth-century
trade imbalance with the Chinese. ____________
18. British imports of this Chinese product swelled by more than four-fold during the
first three decades of the nineteenth century. ______________
19. In an effort to stem the social and economic problems caused by the growing opium
problem, this reforming Chinese emperor decreed that all those convicted of opium
smoking would be given one hundred strokes with a bamboo rod and forced to wear a
heavy wooden collar for two months. ___________________________
20—22. The humiliating treaty signed at the end of this three-year war in 1842 was the
first in a series of treaties that forced China to abandon its isolationist stance and open its
markets to foreign trade.
_________________________
Provisions of the treaty
included the payment by the Chinese of a large indemnity; the opening to British trade
five ports, including Canton; and the cession of this city, only returned to the Chinese in
1997, as a Crown Colony. _________________ Great Britain also gained status as this
in its relationship with China, thereby automatically gaining all rights that other countries
might subsequently receive from China. ___________________________
23—24. China’s population is estimated to have increased from _________________ in
1741 to _____________________ a century later — the resulting population strains
greatly exacerbated social tensions.
25—26. Born in 1814 to a farming family, he would bill himself as the younger brother
of Jesus Christ, found a sect called the Society of Godworshipped, and become the most
famous Chinese rebel leader of the nineteenth century. ____________________ The
name given to the great rebellion that began in 1851. ___________________
27. In an effort to bring greater equality between men and women, the Taiping rebels
outlawed this ancient and painful custom for Chinese women. ____________________
28. In 1860, this opulent Chinese treasure house and symbol of imperial magnificence
was first plundered and then burned down by European troops during the Second Opium
War. _____________________
29.
The estimated number of Chinese who died during the Taiping rebellion.
______________________
30.
The estimated number of chests of opium entering China each year by 1880.
_______________
31. This reactionary leader would remain the real power behind the Chinese throne until
her death in 1909. __________________________
32—34. Three territories lost by the Chinese to the Japanese during the course of the
nineteenth century. ___________________; _____________; _____________________.
35. The nationalist leader who finally overthrew the Qing dynasty in 1911. __________
___________________
TRUE OR FALSE
36. In forcing opium upon the Chinese market, the British East India Company was
merely taking advantage of an addiction that had existed among the Chinese people for
centuries. ______________
37. It was only with the help of European troops that the Taiping Rebellion was finally
crushed in 1864. ____________
CHAPTER 5: “THE STRUGGLE FOR SOUTHERN
AFRICA,” (pp. 145—169)
PULSE OF ENTERPRISE: TIMEFRAME AD 1800—1850
1. This Portuguese explorer had rounded the tip of Southern Africa in 1488 while
searching for a route to India. ____________________________
2—3. In 1652, employees of this company were commissioned to build a fortified supply
base near the Cape of Good Hope. _________________________ The name given to
this small colony. _______________________
4—5. Independent farmers permitted to live outside the confines of the outpost, a few of
these began to drift away from the settlement. __________________ The religion of
these farmers. ____________________
6—8. Referred to by the Dutch as Hottentots and Bushmen, respectively, these two
indigenous peoples were displaced, exploited, and in some cases exterminated by the
European settlers. __________________; ____________________ A number of the
latter group retreated into this desert, where they eked out an existence. _____________
9. TRUE OR FALSE: Slavery was only very slowly introduced by the Dutch into
Southern Africa.
______
10—11. By 1800, Boer expansion was blocked 500 miles east of the Cape at the Great
Fish River by these Africans, a Bantu-speaking people who had moved southward out of
central Africa many centuries earlier. _________________ The name given to these
people by Muslim traders on the east coast of Africa, a name adopted by the Dutch.
_________________
12. In 1806, this European nation captured the Cape, renaming it Cape Town. ________
13—14. The African name for the civil war throughout Natal and the highveld, it left up
to one million dead and many more dispossessed. ____________________________
The most powerful leader to emerge from the turmoil was this Zulu leader. ___________
15. The British abolition of this in 1834 only confirmed the Boers in their growing
realization that their very way of life was being threatened by the newcomers.
__________
16—17. Frustrated by British rule, between 1836 and 1839 some 6,000 Boers pushed
northward in this migration that would profoundly shape the history of Africa. _______
_____________ In battle with Africans, the Boers used their decisive advantage of
firearms and also this, a well-defended circle of wagons. __________________
18. The name the Boers gave to this decisive 1838 battle, in which 3,000 Zulus but no
Boers were killed. _________________________
19—20. In 1843, Britain formally annexed this northeasterly province that the Boers had
come to see as their refuge.
________________
Port Natal was renamed this.
____________
21—22. By the terms of an Anglo-Boer convention of 1852, the land north of the Vaal
River became this independent Boer republic. ______________________ An agreement
of 1854 would create this, a second Boer republic. _____________________________
23. In 1868, the British created this protectorate for the battle-weary and diseasedecimated Xhosa. _________________________
24—25. At Kimberley and in the Transvaal, respectively, the discovery of these two
minerals would dramatically shift the British approach and thus lead to military
showdown with the Boers. _____________; _______________