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Perry County Schools
SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK
Geography
Big Idea: Geography
Geography includes the study of the five fundamental themes of location, place, regions, movement and human/environmental interaction. Students
need geographic knowledge to analyze issues and problems to better understand how humans have interacted with their environment over time, how
geography has impacted settlement and population, and how geographic factors influence climate, culture, the economy and world events. A
geographic perspective also enables students to better understand the past and present and to prepare for the future.
Academic Expectations
2.19
Students recognize and understand the relationship between people and geography and apply their knowledge in real-life situations.
Program Of
Studies:
Understandings
Program of Studies:
Skills and Concepts
Core Content For
Assessment
DOK
SS-H-Ge-U-1
Students will
understand that
patterns emerge
as humans move,
settle and interact
on Earth’s surface,
and can be
identified by
examining the
location of
physical and
human
characteristics,
how they are
arranged, and why
they are in
particular
locations.
Economic,
political, cultural
and social
processes interact
to shape patterns
of human
populations,
interdependence,
SS-H-Ge-S-1
Students will use a variety
of geographic tools (e.g.,
maps, globes, charts,
graphs, photographs,
models, data bases,
satellite images):
a) analyze the
distribution of
physical and
human features on
Earth's surface
b) interpret patterns
and develop
rationales for the
location and
distribution of
Earth's human
features (e.g.,
available
transportation,
location of
resources and
markets, individual
preference,
centralization
versus dispersion)
SS-HS-4.3.1
Students will describe the
movement and settlement
patterns of people in
various places and analyze
the causes of that
movement and settlement
(e.g., push factors such as
famines or military conflicts;
pull factors such as climate
or economic opportunity)
and the impacts in the
modern world (1500 A.D. to
present) and United States
(Reconstruction to present).
DOK 3
SS-HS-4.1.1
Students will use a variety
of geographic tools (e.g.,
maps, globes, photographs,
models, satellite images,
charts, graphs, databases)
to explain and analyze the
reasons for the distribution
of physical and human
features on Earth's surface.
DOK 3
Essential
Questions/
Content
What factors have
caused the
movement of
people around the
world?
How do
geographers use
the five themes of
geography?
How has the
diversity in culture
around the world
led to conflict?
How does a
country’s physical
geography affect its
natural resources,
population
patterns, and
access to
transportation?
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Map
Mercator
Robinson
Database
Physical
Political
Thematic
Centralization
Dispersion
Physical
features
Secondary
Sources
Push & Pull
Factors
Climate
Location
Place
Movement
Hemisphere
Prime Meridian
Equator
Resources
Assessments
Understandings
cooperation and
conflict.
Skills & Concepts
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
SS-H-Ge-S-2
Students will investigate
regions of the Earth’s
surface using information
from print and non-print
sources (e.g., books,
films, periodicals, Internet,
geographic tools, news
media):
a) analyze pros and
cons of physical
(e.g., climate,
mountains, rivers)
and human
characteristics
(e.g., interstate
highways, urban
centers,
workforce) of
regions in terms of
human activity
b) explain how
cultural
differences and
perspectives
sometimes result
in conflicts in the
modern world
(1500 A.D. to
present) and
United States
(Reconstruction to
present)
SS-H-Ge-S-3
Students will describe
movement and settlement
patterns in the modern
world (1500 A.D. to
present) and United
States (Reconstruction to
present):
a) analyze the
causes of
2
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
SS-H-Ge-U-2
Students will
understand that
regions help us to
see the Earth as
an integrated
system of places
and features
organized by such
principles as
landform types,
political units,
Skills & Concepts
movement and
settlement (e.g.,
famines, military
conflicts, climate,
economic
opportunity) and
their impacts in
different places
and at different
times in history
b) explain how
technology has
facilitated the
movement of
goods, services
and populations,
increased
economic
interdependence,
and influenced
development of
centers of
economic activity
(e.g., cities,
interstate
highways,
airports, rivers,
railroads,
computers,
telecommunicatio
ns)
SS-H-Ge-S-1
Students will use a variety
of geographic tools (e.g.,
maps, globes, charts,
graphs, photographs,
models, data bases,
satellite images):
a) analyze the
distribution of
physical and
human features
on Earth's surface
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
SS-HS-4.2.1
Students will interpret how
places and regions serve as
meaningful symbols for
individuals and societies
(e.g., Jerusalem, Vietnam
Memorial, Ellis Island, the
Appalachian region).
SS-HS-4.2.2
Students will explain how
physical (e.g., climate,
3
What is the
relationship
between
geography and
economy?
How did the US
become a
multicultural
society?
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Religion
Discrimination
Prejudice
Violence
Genocide
Assimilation
Civil rights
Jerusalem
Ellis Island
Appalachian
region
Vietnam
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
economic patterns
and cultural
groups. People
vary in how they
organize, interpret
and use
information about
places and
regions.
Skills & Concepts
b) interpret patterns
and develop
rationales for the
location and
distribution of
Earth's human
features (e.g.,
available
transportation,
location of
resources and
markets,
individual
preference,
centralization
versus dispersion)
SS-H-Ge-S-2
Students will investigate
regions of the Earth’s
surface using information
from print and non-print
sources (e.g., books,
films, periodicals, Internet,
geographic tools, news
media):
a) interpret how
places and
regions serve as
meaningful
symbols for
individuals and
societies (e.g.,
Jerusalem,
Vietnam
Memorial, Ellis
Island, the
Appalachian
region)
b) analyze pros and
cons of physical
(e.g., climate,
mountains, rivers)
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
mountains, rivers) and
human characteristics (e.g.,
interstate highways, urban
centers, workforce) of
regions create advantages
and disadvantages for
human activities in a
specific place.
DOK 2
SS-HS-4.2.3
Students will explain how
people can develop
stereotypes about places
and regions (e.g., all cities
are dangerous and dirty;
rural areas are poor).
SS-HS-4.2.4
Students will explain how
people from different
cultures with different
perspectives view regions
(e.g., Middle East, Balkans)
in different ways,
sometimes resulting in
conflict in the modern world
(1500 A.D. to present) and
United States
(Reconstruction to present).
4
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Memorial
Stereotype
Cultural
diffusion
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
SS-H-Ge-U-3
Students will
understand that
human actions
modify the
physical
environment and,
in turn, the
physical
environment limits
or promotes
human activities.
Skills & Concepts
and human
characteristics
(e.g., interstate
highways, urban
centers,
workforce) of
regions in terms of
human activity
c) evaluate reasons
for stereotypes
(e.g., all cities are
dangerous and
dirty; rural areas
are poor)
associated with
places or regions
d) explain how
cultural
differences and
perspectives
sometimes result
in conflicts in the
modern world
(1500 A.D. to
present) and
United States
(Reconstruction to
present)
SS-H-Ge-S-4
Students will investigate
interactions among human
activities and the physical
environment in the
modern world (1500 A.D.
to present) and United
States (Reconstruction to
present):
a) describe human
strategies (e.g.,
transportation,
communication,
technology) used
to overcome limits
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
SS-HS-4.4.1
Students will explain how
humans develop strategies
(e.g., transportation,
communication,
technology) to overcome
limits of their physical
environment.
SS-HS-4.4.2
Students will explain how
human modifications to the
physical environment (e.g.,
deforestation, mining),
perspectives on the use of
5
How does the
destruction of
natural resources
affect the climate of
the world?
What kinds of
strategies do
people develop to
overcome their
physical
geography?
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Global
warming
Rainforest
Acid rain
Deforestation
Natural
resources
Centralization
Dispersion
Canal
Natural
resources
Tsunamis
Greenhouse
effect
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
SS-H-Ge-U-4
Students will
understand that
human and
physical features
of the Earth's
surface can be
identified by
absolute and
relative location.
Skills & Concepts
of the physical
environment
b) interpret and
analyze possible
global effects
(e.g., global
warming,
destruction of the
rainforest, acid
rain) of human
modifications to
the physical
environment (e.g.,
deforestation,
mining),
perspectives on
the use of natural
resources (e.g.,
oil, water, land),
and natural
disasters (e.g.,
earthquakes,
tsunamis, floods)
SS-H-Ge-S-1
Students will use a variety
of geographic tools (e.g.,
maps, globes, charts,
graphs, photographs,
models, data bases,
satellite images):
a) analyze the
distribution of
physical and
human features
on Earth's surface
b) interpret patterns
and develop
rationales for the
location and
distribution of
Earth's human
features (e.g.,
available
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
natural resources (e.g., oil,
water, land), and natural
disasters (e.g., earthquakes,
tsunamis, floods) may have
possible global effects (e.g.,
global warming, destruction
of the rainforest, acid rain) in
the modern world (1500 A.D.
to present) and United
States (Reconstruction to
present).
DOK 2
SS-HS-4.4.3
Students will explain how
group and individual
perspectives impact the
use of natural resources
(e.g., mineral extraction,
land reclamation).
SS-HS-4.1.1
Students will use a variety
of geographic tools (e.g.,
maps, globes, photographs,
models, satellite images,
charts, graphs, databases)
to explain and analyze the
reasons for the distribution
of physical and human
features on Earth's surface.
DOK 3
6
How do maps
identify the
locations of various
places?
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Resources/
Vocabulary
Assessments
Fossil fuel
Nonrenewable
resource
Renewable
resource
Absolute
location
Relative
location
Mountains
Vegetation
Canal
Understandings
SS-H-Ge-U-5
Students will
understand that
the use of maps,
geographic tools,
and mental maps
helps interpret
information,
analyze patterns
and spatial data,
predict
consequences
and find/propose
solutions to world
problems.
Skills & Concepts
transportation,
location of
resources and
markets,
individual
preference,
centralization
versus dispersion)
SS-H-Ge-S-1
Students will use a variety
of geographic tools (e.g.,
maps, globes, charts,
graphs, photographs,
models, data bases,
satellite images):
a) analyze the
distribution of
physical and
human features
on Earth's surface
b) interpret patterns
and develop
rationales for the
location and
distribution of
Earth's human
features (e.g.,
available
transportation,
location of
resources and
markets,
individual
preference,
centralization
versus dispersion)
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
SS-HS-4.1.1
Students will use a variety
of geographic tools (e.g.,
maps, globes, photographs,
models, satellite images,
charts, graphs, databases)
to explain and analyze the
reasons for the distribution
of physical and human
features on Earth's surface.
DOK 3
SS-HS-4.1.2
Students will explain how
mental maps, the mental
image a person has of an
area including knowledge
of features and spatial
relationships, become more
complex as experience,
study and the media bring
new geographic
information.
SS-HS-4.1.3
Students will use
geographic tools (e.g.,
maps, globes, photographs,
models, satellite images) to
interpret the reasoning
patterns (e.g., available
transportation, location of
resources and markets,
individual preference,
centralization versus
dispersion) on which the
7
How do
geographers use
maps to analyze
data?
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Geographic
Symbols
Population
density
Latitude
Longitude
Compass Rose
Scale
Continents
Map Database
Mental Map
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
SS-H-Ge-U-6
Students will
understand that
citizens in an
interdependent
global community
impact their
physical
environments
through the use of
land and other
resources.
Skills & Concepts
SS-H-Ge-S-4
Students will investigate
interactions among human
activities and the physical
environment in the
modern world (1500 A.D.
to present) and United
States (Reconstruction to
present):
a) describe human
strategies (e.g.,
transportation,
communication,
technology) used
to overcome limits
of the physical
environment
b) interpret and
analyze possible
global effects
(e.g., global
warming,
destruction of the
rainforest, acid
rain) of human
modifications to
the physical
environment (e.g.,
deforestation,
mining),
perspectives on
the use of natural
resources (e.g.,
oil, water, land),
and natural
disasters (e.g.,
earthquakes,
tsunamis, floods)
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
location and distribution of
Earth's human features is
based.
SS-HS-4.4.2
Students will explain how
human modifications to the
physical environment (e.g.,
deforestation, mining),
perspectives on the use of
natural resources (e.g., oil,
water, land), and natural
disasters (e.g.,
earthquakes, tsunamis,
floods) may have possible
global effects (e.g., global
warming, destruction of the
rainforest, acid rain) in the
modern world (1500 A.D. to
present) and United States
(Reconstruction to present).
DOK 2
SS-HS-4.3.2
Students will explain how
technology (e.g.,
computers,
telecommunications) has
facilitated the movement of
goods, services and
populations, increased
economic interdependence
at all levels and influenced
development of centers of
economic activity.
DOK 2
8
How has economic
interdependence
affected the
economy of
countries around
the world?
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Natural
resources
Reclamation
Interdependen
ce
Fossil fuels
Cash Crops
Exports
Imports
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
SS-H-Ge-U-7
Students will
understand that
environmental
changes and
physical and
human geographic
factors have
influenced world
economic,
political, and
social conditions.
Skills & Concepts
SS-H-Ge-S-2
Students will investigate
regions of the Earth’s
surface using information
from print and non-print
sources (e.g., books,
films, periodicals, Internet,
geographic tools, news
media):
a) interpret how
places and
regions serve as
meaningful
symbols for
individuals and
societies (e.g.,
Jerusalem,
Vietnam
Memorial, Ellis
Island, the
Appalachian
region)
b) analyze pros and
cons of physical
(e.g., climate,
mountains, rivers)
and human
characteristics
(e.g., interstate
highways, urban
centers,
workforce) of
regions in terms of
human activity
c) evaluate reasons
for stereotypes
(e.g., all cities are
dangerous and
dirty; rural areas
are poor)
associated with
places or regions
d) explain how
Core Content DoK
SS-HS-4.2.4
Students will explain how
people from different
cultures with different
perspectives view regions
(e.g., Middle East, Balkans)
in different ways,
sometimes resulting in
conflict in the modern world
(1500 A.D. to present) and
United States
(Reconstruction to present).
9
Essential Questions
Level of
Content
Mastery
How does the
physical geography
create advantages
and disadvantages
for humans?
How has the
political geography
changed in the
world?
Essential
Vocabulary
Stereotypes
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
Skills & Concepts
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
cultural
differences and
perspectives
sometimes result
in conflicts in the
modern world
(1500 A.D. to
present) and
United States
(Reconstruction to
present)
SS-H-Ge-S-4
Students will investigate
interactions among human
activities and the physical
environment in the
modern world (1500 A.D.
to present) and United
States (Reconstruction to
present):
a) describe human
strategies (e.g.,
transportation,
communication,
technology) used
to overcome limits
of the physical
environment
b) interpret and
analyze possible
global effects
(e.g., global
warming,
destruction of the
rainforest, acid
rain) of human
modifications to
the physical
environment (e.g.,
deforestation,
mining),
perspectives on
the use of natural
10
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
SS-H-Ge-U-8
Students will
understand that
many of the
important issues
facing societies
involve the
consequences of
interactions
between human
and physical
systems. Complex
interrelationships
between societies
and their physical
environments
influence
conditions locally,
regionally and
globally.
Skills & Concepts
resources (e.g.,
oil, water, land),
and natural
disasters (e.g.,
earthquakes,
tsunamis, floods)
SS-H-Ge-S-4
Students will investigate
interactions among human
activities and the physical
environment in the
modern world (1500 A.D.
to present) and United
States (Reconstruction to
present):
a) describe human
strategies (e.g.,
transportation,
communication,
technology) used
to overcome limits
of the physical
environment
b) interpret and
analyze possible
global effects
(e.g., global
warming,
destruction of the
rainforest, acid
rain) of human
modifications to
the physical
environment (e.g.,
deforestation,
mining),
perspectives on
the use of natural
resources (e.g.,
oil, water, land),
and natural
disasters (e.g.,
earthquakes,
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
SS-HS-4.4.2
Students will explain how
human modifications to the
physical environment (e.g.,
deforestation, mining),
perspectives on the use of
natural resources (e.g., oil,
water, land), and natural
disasters (e.g.,
earthquakes, tsunamis,
floods) may have possible
global effects (e.g., global
warming, destruction of the
rainforest, acid rain) in the
modern world (1500 A.D. to
present) and United States
(Reconstruction to present).
DOK 2
SS-HS-4.3.2
Students will explain how
technology (e.g.,
computers,
telecommunications) has
facilitated the movement of
goods, services and
populations, increased
economic interdependence
at all levels and influenced
development of centers of
economic activity.
DOK 2
11
How has the
advancements of
technology affected
the economy of
countries?
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Urban
Urbanization
Suburban
Sprawl
Rural
Migration
Push and pull
factors
Natural
disasters
Pollution
Metropolitan
area
Globalization
Alternative
energy
Nuclear energy
Resources/
Assessments
Understandings
Skills & Concepts
Core Content DoK
Essential Questions
Content
tsunamis, floods)
12
Level of
Mastery
Essential
Vocabulary
Resources/
Assessments