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Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro Unidade I 2009 Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio Nome do (a) Aluno (a): nº Atividade de: INGLÊS Professor (a):Mrs Nível: II Recuperação Anual Data: Classe: 1- 8 /12/2009 VERB TENSES SIMPLE PRESENT x PRESENT CONTINUOUS (also called PROGRESSIVE) Form Simple Present Present Progressive infinitive form of 'be' and verb + ing (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak I am speaking you speak you are speaking he / she / it speaks he / she / it is speaking we speak we are speaking they speak they are speaking Exceptions Exceptions when adding 's' : For can, may, might, must, do not add s. Exceptions when adding 'ing' : Example: he can, she may, it must Example: come - coming but: agree - agreeing After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: do - he does, wash - she washes After a consonant, the final consonant y becomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worries Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled. Example: sit - sitting but: play - he plays After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling (British English) but: travelling (American English) Final ie becomes y. Example: lie – lying Use In general or right now? Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now? Simple Present Present Progressive in general (regularly, often, never) right now Colin plays football every Tuesday. Look! Colin is playing football now. present actions happening one after another also for several actions happening at the same time First Colin plays football, then he watches TV. Colin is playing football and Anne is watching. Signal words always at the moment every ... at this moment often today normally now usually right now sometimes Listen! seldom Look! never first then Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present: be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want Timetable / Schedule or arrangement? Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Or do you refer to a time set by a timetable or schedule? Simple Present Present Progressive action set by a timetable or schedule arrangement for the near future The film starts at 8 pm. I am going to the cinema tonight. Daily routine or just for a limited period of time? Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis that something is only going on for a limited (rather short) period of time? Simple Present Present Progressive daily routine only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking) Bob works in a restaurant. Jenny is working in a restaurant this week. Certain Verbs The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form). be, cost, fit, mean, suit Example: We are on holiday. possession: belong, have Example: Sam has a cat. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He feels the cold. feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Example: Jane loves pizza. brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I believe you. state: PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE x PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Form Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular form of 'have' + been + verb + ing verbs Example:I / you / we / they have spoken he / she / it has spoken Example: I / you / we / they have been speaking he / she / it has been speaking regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed Example: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked Exceptions Exceptions when adding 'ed' : when the final letter is e, only add d Exceptions when adding 'ing' : Example: love - loved Example: come - coming after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is Example: admit - admitted doubled final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: sit - sitting Example :travel - travelled silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel) after a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling final ie becomes y. Example: worry - worried but: play - played Example: lie – lying Use Both tenses are used to express that an action began in the past and is still going on or has just finished. In many cases, both forms are correct, but there is often a difference in meaning: We use the Present Perfect Simple mainly to express that an action is completed or to emphasise the result. We use the Present Perfect Progressive to emphasise the duration or continuous course of an action. Result or duration? Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been going on yet? Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive Duration (how long) Result (what / how much / how often) I have been writing for an hour. I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice. Certain verbs The following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple (not in the progressive form). be, have (for possession only) Example: We have been on holiday for two weeks. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He has touched the painting. brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I have known him for 3 years. state: Emphasis on completion or duration? Do you want to emphasise the completion of an action or its continuous course (how has somebody spent his time)? Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Emphasis on duration Emphasis on completion I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how I have I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is completed spent my time. It does not matter whether the homework is now.) completed now.) Result or side effect? Do you want to express that a completed action led to a desired result or that the action had an unwanted side effect? Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) unwanted side effect desired result Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car. (side effect: I I have washed the car. (Result: The car is clean now.) became wet when I was washing the car. It does not matter whether the car is clean now.) Permanent or temporary? If an action is still going on and we want to express that it is a permanent situation, we would usually use the Present Perfect Simple. For temporary situations, we would prefer the Present Perfect Progressive. This is not a rule, however, only a tendency. Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) permanent Temporary James has lived in this town for 10 years. (Meaning: He is a James has been living here for a year. (Meaning: This situation is permanent resident of this town.) only temporary. Maybe he is an exchange student and only here for one or two years.) Signal words Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) how often how long ... times since since for for already yet never ever just SIMPLE PAST x PAST CONTINUOUS Form Simple Past Past Continuous (Progressive) irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs past form of 'be' + ing form of verb I spoke I was speaking regular verbs: verb + ed you were speaking I worked he / she / it was speaking we were speaking they were speaking Exceptions Exceptions when adding 'ed' : when the final letter is e, only add d. Exceptions when adding 'ing' : Example: love - loved Example: come - coming after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled but: agree - agreeing after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is Example: admit - admitted doubled final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: sit - sitting Example: travel - travelled silent e is dropped (but: does not apply for -ee) final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) after a consonant, final y becomes i. (but: not after a vowel) Example: travel - travelling Example: worry - he worried Example: lie - lying final ie becomes y. but: play - he played Use After another or at the same time? Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time? Simple Past Past Continuous (Progressive) at the same time after another Simon was playing on the computer while his brother was watchin She came home, switched on the computer and checked her emails. TV. New action or already in progress? If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses: Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress. Simple Past Past Continuous (Progressive) action already in progress new action While I was sitting in a meeting, (my mobile suddenly rang.) My mobile rang (when I was sitting in a meeting.) Only mentioning or emphasising progress? Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time? Simple Past Past Continuous (Progressive) just mentioning emphasising progress Colin played football yesterday. Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football. Certain Verbs The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Past (not in the progressive form). be, cost, fit, mean, suit Example: We were on holiday. possession: belong, have Example: Sam had a cat. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He felt the cold. feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Example: Jane loved pizza. brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I did not understand him. state: Signal words Simple Past When Past Progressive while as long as FUTURE FORMS Use Future I going to Future I will decision made for the future action in the future that cannot be influenced present evidence prediction (probability / possibility) plan / intention spontaneous / sudden decision Simple Present action set by a time table or schedule Present Continuous (Progressive) action already arranged for the near future Form of going to Future positive I am going to speak. I negative I am not going to speak. question Am I going to speak? you / we / they You are going to speak. You are not going to speak. Are you going to speak? he / she / it He is going to speak. He is not going to speak. Is he going to speak? Use of going to Future an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared example: I am going to study harder next year. a conclusion regarding the immediate future example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain. Signal Words in one year, next week, tomorrow Form of will Future positive negative question no differences I will speak. I will not speak. Will I speak? Use of will Future a spontaneous decision example: Wait, I will help you. an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future example: He will probably come back tomorrow. a promise example: I will not watch TV tonight. an action in the future that cannot be influenced example: It will rain tomorrow. conditional clauses type I example: If I arrive late, I will call you. Signal Words in a year, next …, tomorrow I think, probably, perhaps