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Simple Past – Past Progressive Form Simple Past Irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs Past Progressive Past form of 'be' + ing form of verb I spoke I was speaking you were speaking he / she / it was speaking we were speaking they were speaking Regular verbs: verb + ed I worked Exceptions when adding 'ed' : Exceptions when adding 'ing' : when the final letter is e, only add d. silent e is dropped (but: does not apply for ee) love - loved come - coming but: agree - agreeing after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled admit - admitted sit - sitting final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) travel - travelled final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) travel - travelling after a consonant, final y becomes i. (but: not after a vowel) worry - worried but: play - played after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled final ie becomes y. lie - lying Use: Both refer to past actions. Past Continuous is used when we emphasize the continuity of the action. Simple Past Completed action in the past Past Progressive Something happening in a moment in the past. Description of a scene or background. Yesterday, it rained. It was raining hard when you rang. a) One after another or at the same time? Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time? Simple Past One after another Past Progressive At the same time She came home, switched on the computer and checked her e-mails. Simon was playing on the computer while his brother was watching TV. b) New action or already in progress? If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses: Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress. Simple Past Past Progressive New action Action already in progress My mobile rang when I was sitting in a meeting. While I was sitting in a meeting, my mobile suddenly rang. c) Only mentioning or emphasising progress? Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time? Simple Past Just mentioning Past Progressive Emphasising progress Colin played football yesterday. Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football. d) Routine or unusual action? Simple Past Unusual action, not planned Past Progressive Routine, something you usually do Yesterday morning, from 8 to 10 I ran. Yesterday morning, from 8 to 10 I was running. Certain Verbs The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Past (not in the progressive form). state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit We were on holiday. possession: belong, have Sam had a cat. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch He felt the cold. feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Jane loved pizza. brain work: believe, know, think, understand I did not understand him. introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say “I am watching TV,“ he said. Signal words Simple Past first then If - Type II conditional (If I talked, …) Ago Past Progressive when while as long as Always (something annoying)