Download verb tenses - Educacional

Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro
Unidade I
2009
Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio
Nome do (a) Aluno (a):
nº
Atividade de: INGLÊS
Professor (a):Mrs
Nível: II
Recuperação Anual
Data:
Classe: 1- 8
/12/2009
VERB TENSES
SIMPLE PRESENT x PRESENT CONTINUOUS (also called PROGRESSIVE)
Form
Simple Present
Present Progressive
infinitive
form of 'be' and verb + ing
(3rd person singular: infinitive + 's')
I speak
I am speaking
you speak
you are speaking
he / she / it speaks
he / she / it is speaking
we speak
we are speaking
they speak
they are speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 's' :

For can, may, might, must, do not add s.
Exceptions when adding 'ing' :

Example: he can, she may, it must


Example: come - coming
but: agree - agreeing
After o, ch, sh or s, add es.
Example: do - he does, wash - she washes

After a consonant, the final consonant y becomes
ie. (but: not after a vowel)
Example: worry - he worries
Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee)
After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is
doubled.
Example: sit - sitting

but: play - he plays
After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in
British English (but not in American English).
Example: travel - travelling (British English)
but: travelling (American English)

Final ie becomes y.
Example: lie – lying
Use
In general or right now?
Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now?
Simple Present
Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never)
right now
Colin plays football every Tuesday.
Look! Colin is playing football now.
present actions happening one after another
also for several actions happening at the same time
First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.
Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words

always

at the moment

every ...

at this moment

often

today

normally

now

usually

right now

sometimes

Listen!

seldom

Look!

never

first

then
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:
be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want
Timetable / Schedule or arrangement?
Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Or do you refer to a time set by a
timetable or schedule?
Simple Present
Present Progressive
action set by a timetable or schedule
arrangement for the near future
The film starts at 8 pm.
I am going to the cinema tonight.
Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?
Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis that something is only going on for a
limited (rather short) period of time?
Simple Present
Present Progressive
daily routine
only for a limited period of time (does not have to
happen directly at the moment of speaking)
Bob works in a restaurant.
Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.
Certain Verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form).





be, cost, fit, mean, suit Example: We are on holiday.
possession: belong, have Example: Sam has a cat.
senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He feels the cold.
feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Example: Jane loves pizza.
brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I believe you.
state:
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE x PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Form
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular
form of 'have' + been + verb + ing
verbs
Example:I / you / we / they have spoken
he / she / it has spoken
Example: I / you / we / they have been speaking
he / she / it has been speaking
regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed
Example: I / you / we / they have worked
he / she / it has worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' :

when the final letter is e, only add d
Exceptions when adding 'ing' :

Example: love - loved


Example: come - coming
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is
doubled

after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is
Example: admit - admitted
doubled
final l is always doubled in British English (not in
American English)
Example: sit - sitting

Example :travel - travelled

silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee)
after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after
a vowel)
after a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in
British English (but not in American English).
Example: travel - travelling

final ie becomes y.
Example: worry - worried
but: play - played
Example: lie – lying
Use
Both tenses are used to express that an action began in the past and is still going on or has just finished. In
many cases, both forms are correct, but there is often a difference in meaning: We use the Present Perfect
Simple mainly to express that an action is completed or to emphasise the result. We use the Present Perfect
Progressive to emphasise the duration or continuous course of an action.
Result or duration?
Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been going on yet?
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Progressive
Duration (how long)
Result (what / how much / how often)
I have been writing for an hour.
I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice.
Certain verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple (not in the progressive form).

be, have (for possession only) Example: We have been on holiday for two weeks.
senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He has touched the painting.
brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I have known him for 3 years.
state:


Emphasis on completion or duration?
Do you want to emphasise the completion of an action or its continuous course (how has somebody spent his
time)?
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
Emphasis on duration
Emphasis on completion
I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how I have
I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is completed
spent my time. It does not matter whether the homework is
now.)
completed now.)
Result or side effect?
Do you want to express that a completed action led to a desired result or that the action had an unwanted side
effect?
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
unwanted side effect
desired result
Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car. (side effect: I
I have washed the car. (Result: The car is clean now.)
became wet when I was washing the car. It does not matter
whether the car is clean now.)
Permanent or temporary?
If an action is still going on and we want to express that it is a permanent situation, we would usually use the
Present Perfect Simple. For temporary situations, we would prefer the Present Perfect Progressive. This is not
a rule, however, only a tendency.
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
permanent
Temporary
James has lived in this town for 10 years. (Meaning: He is a
James has been living here for a year. (Meaning: This situation is
permanent resident of this town.)
only temporary. Maybe he is an exchange student and only here for
one or two years.)
Signal words
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive)

how often

how long

... times

since

since

for

for

already

yet

never

ever

just

SIMPLE PAST x PAST CONTINUOUS
Form
Simple Past
Past Continuous (Progressive)
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs
past form of 'be' + ing form of verb
I spoke
I was speaking
regular verbs: verb + ed
you were speaking
I worked
he / she / it was speaking
we were speaking
they were speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' :

when the final letter is e, only add d.
Exceptions when adding 'ing' :

Example: love - loved

Example: come - coming
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is
doubled

but: agree - agreeing

after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is
Example: admit - admitted
doubled
final l is always doubled in British English (not in
American English)

Example: sit - sitting
Example: travel - travelled

silent e is dropped (but: does not apply for -ee)
final l is always doubled in British English (not in
American English)
after a consonant, final y becomes i. (but: not after
a vowel)

Example: travel - travelling
Example: worry - he worried
Example: lie - lying
final ie becomes y.
but: play - he played
Use
After another or at the same time?
Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time?
Simple Past
Past Continuous (Progressive)
at the same time
after another
Simon was playing on the computer while his brother was watchin
She came home, switched on the computer and checked her emails.
TV.
New action or already in progress?
If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses:
Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress.
Simple Past
Past Continuous (Progressive)
action already in progress
new action
While I was sitting in a meeting, (my mobile suddenly rang.)
My mobile rang (when I was sitting in a meeting.)
Only mentioning or emphasising progress?
Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you want
to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time?
Simple Past
Past Continuous (Progressive)
just mentioning
emphasising progress
Colin played football yesterday.
Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football.
Certain Verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Past (not in the progressive form).





be, cost, fit, mean, suit Example: We were on holiday.
possession: belong, have Example: Sam had a cat.
senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He felt the cold.
feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Example: Jane loved pizza.
brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I did not understand him.
state:
Signal words
Simple Past


When
Past Progressive

while

as long as
FUTURE FORMS
Use
Future I going to
Future I will
decision made for
the future
action in the future that
cannot be influenced
present evidence
prediction (probability /
possibility)
plan / intention
spontaneous / sudden decision
Simple Present
action set by a time
table or schedule
Present Continuous
(Progressive)
action already arranged for
the near future
Form of going to Future
positive
I am going to speak.
I
negative
I am not going to speak.
question
Am I going to speak?
you / we / they You are going to speak. You are not going to speak. Are you going to speak?
he / she / it
He is going to speak.
He is not going to speak.
Is he going to speak?
Use of going to Future

an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared
example: I am going to study harder next year.

a conclusion regarding the immediate future
example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.
Signal Words

in one year, next week, tomorrow
Form of will Future
positive
negative
question
no differences I will speak. I will not speak. Will I speak?
Use of will Future





a spontaneous decision example: Wait, I will help you.
an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future
example: He will probably come back tomorrow.
a promise example: I will not watch TV tonight.
an action in the future that cannot be influenced example: It will rain tomorrow.
conditional clauses type I example: If I arrive late, I will call you.
Signal Words

in a year, next …, tomorrow

I think, probably, perhaps