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Honors Biology Unit 16-18 HWK 1 Name ______________________________ Part I Chapter 16 – Speciation The biological species concept is one of the most useful ways to define a species, but it is not foolproof. Briefly explain why it might be difficult to apply the biological species concept to the following situations 1. Fossils of “Java Man” and “Peking Man” are both thought to represent a single species – Homo erectus. 2. One bird guide calls the flycatchers of the genus Empidonax “the bane of bird-watchers.” Several species look so much alike that birders can distinguish them only by their songs. Review the reproductive barriers that separate species by categorizing the following examples. State whether each barrier is prezygotic (pre) or postzygotic (post), and then name the specific kind of barrier (such as temporal isolation or reduced hybrid viability) it exemplifies. Pre or Post Kind of Barrier Example The salamanders Ambystoma tigrinum and A. maculatum breed in the same area. A. tigrinum mates from late February through March. A. maculatum does not start mating until late March or early April. 3. ___________ ____________________ 4. ___________ ____________________ Two species of mice are mated in the lab and produce fertile hybrid offspring, but offspring of the hybrids are sterile. 5. ___________ ____________________ When fruit flies of two particular species are crossed in the lab, their offspring are unable to produce eggs and sperm 6. __________ ____________________ A zoologist observed two land snails of different species that were trying to mate with little success because they apparently didn’t “fit” each other. 7. __________ ____________________ Male fiddler crabs (genus Uca) wave their large claws to attract the attention of females. Each species has a slightly different wave. 8. __________ ____________________ When different species of tobacco plants are crossed in a greenhouse, the pollen tube usually bursts before the eggs are fertilized. 9. __________ ____________________ Blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) grows in dry woodlands, and scrub oak. (Q. ilicifolia) grows in dry, rocky, open areas. Pollen of one species seldom pollinates the other. 10. __________ ____________________ The tiglon offspring of a lion and a tiger are often weak and unhealthy. 11. What might constitute a geographic boundary, causing allopatric speciation, for the following species? a. daisy: _______________________________________________________________________________ b. sea star: _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Analogous structures are often used to show convergent evolution. Define both terms in your own words, and then find one example of how the italicized statement is true. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 17 Miller-Urey Experiment The following is an illustration of the experiment conducted in the 1950’s by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey: 1) What was the purpose of the experiment? Whose hypothesis was this trying to prove? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) The apparatus above was meant to simulate the conditions of primitive Earth. What does each lettered part in the apparatus above represent on the primitive Earth? A) Flask with boiling water _________________________________________________________________________ B) Flask with Gasses and Electrical connections ________________________________________________________ C) Cold Water collar ______________________________________________________________________________ D) Liquid moving down inside of the collar ___________________________________________________________ E) Water trap ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3) What types of materials were collected in the trap? _________________________________________________________ 4) What was the conclusion of the experiment? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5) The above apparatus was called a closed system because it was closed to the air in the lab room. Why was this necessary? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________