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Jonathan Wang Abhijit Puranam AP European History Period 4 12/20/10 Wars Between 1648 and 1815 The English Civil War (1642-1649) began because of a new dynasty, the ______________ (1), who claimed _________________(2). Due to his inability to raise taxes or an army, Charles I, the king of England, was forced to call the ___________________(3). When the parliament attempted to limit the monarchy’s power, Charles I tried to repeal the new laws, causing ________________(4) to lead the Parliament army against the monarchy. After the Civil War, he established a new government called the ____________(5). In the Great Northern War (1700-1721), ___________(6) hoped to gain new territory west of Russia. Allying himself with Denmark, he fought ___________(7), which was led by Charles XII. At ___________(8), the Russians were soundly defeated and forced to retreat to Moscow. After regrouping and adding a special force of ___________(9), the Russians won a decisive battle at __________(10). This war led to Russia becoming a great power militarily and economically. The War of Spanish Succession (1701-1713) began when ___________(11) died. ____________(12) had the opportunity to inherit the throne and was supported by his grandfather, ____________(13), the king of France. Fearing this alliance between France and Spain, the ____________(14) was formed, consisting of the Netherlands, Great Britain, Prussia, and Austria. Following the war, the ________________(15) was signed, limiting French and Spanish influence in Europe. This diplomacy is an important example of _______________(16). The War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) began when ________________(17) came to power because of the _________________(18). Seeing an opportunity, ____________________(19) of Prussia successfully annexed the Austrian territory, _____________(20). England and France also joined in on opposing sides of the war, expanding the battles to other countries and some in the colonies. Following the War of Austrian Succession, Maria Theresa tried to reclaim her lost territory in the 7 Years’ War (1756-1763). Although she failed, this war had important implications in _________________(21) due to Anglo-French conflicts. Upon the end of the war, France lost much of its territories in America and India due to the __________________(22). France was no longer a dominant colonial power. From 1648 to 1653, the Fronde, a series of peasant rebellions occurred against ___________(23), who was ruling as regent of ______________(24). The peasants were angry because their rights were steadily decreasing and their taxes were increasing. Later in the insurrection, the _______________(25), or sword nobility, were also angered by the increasing power of the central government and their decreasing authority. The revolt was eventually crushed and the king took the throne, establishing the ____________________________(26) for him and his successors, which declared that God had endowed them with the power to rule. The French Revolution (1789-1815) began when the Third Estate walked out on the meeting of the ___________________(27) due to unfair voting practices. They formed the ____________________(28) and took the _________________(29) to form a new constitution. As distrust in the monarchy grew, the revolt spread to rural areas, causing the ________________(30). When Louis XVI was forced to sign the new constitution, the ___________________(31) was established as the law-making body and a _____________________(32) became the new form of government. After the monarchy attempted to flee Paris, the __________________(33) was formed as a republican body. Eventually, the ___________________________(34), led by Robespierre, started the __________________(35). The violence continued until it became too unstable, triggering the _____________________(36), which moderated the revolution and established the ______________(37) as a weak dictatorship. Dissatisfied with the rule of the Directory, revolutionary leaders wanted a new dictator to take control of France. With the support of Sieyes and other legislature plotters, ___________(38) successfully overthrew the Directory in 1799. Napoleon took power as first consul, and later as emperor, establishing the _________________(39). Napoleon expanded France far into Europe until he was stopped by an alliance of European powers and exiled to Elba. When Napoleon heard of the political unrest in France under Louis XVIII, he escaped from Elba and forced the king to flee. However, at the end of the Hundred Days of Napoleon’s rule, he was defeated at __________(40), by an alliance of major European powers in 1815. Napoleon was then exiled farther away to the island of Saint Helena. With Napoleon out of the way, the constitutional monarchy was reestablished under Louis XVIII. Answer Sheet 1. Stuarts 2. Absolute Authority 3. Long Parliament 4. Oliver Cromwell 5. Protectorate 6. Peter the Great 7. Sweden 8. Narva 9. Cossacks 10. Poltava 11. Charles II 12. Phillip V 13.Louis XIV 14.Grand Alliance 15. Peace of Utrecht 16.balance of power diplomacy 17.Maria Theresa 18.Pragmatic Sanction 19. Fredrick the Great of Prussia 20.Silesia 21.America 22. the Treaty of Paris 23.Mazarin 24.Louis XIV 25.noblesse d' epee. 26. diving right 27. Estates General 28. National Assembly 29.Tennis Court Oath 30.Great Fear 31.Legislative Assembly 32.Constitutional monarchy 33.National assembly 34.The Committee of Public Safety 35.Reign of terror 36.thermidorian reaction 37. directory 38. Napoleon Bonaparte 39.Great Empire 40.Waterloo