Download The age of Jackson 1824-1840

The Age of Jackson 1824-1840
Chapter 12 Study Guide
Section One:
Politics of the people
Who won the presidential election of 1824?
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
Who became Adams’ Secretary of State?
HENRY CLAY
What did the charges of “corrupt bargain” refer? CLAY GIVING SUPPORT TO ADAMS AND THEN
BECOMING SECRETARY OF STATE
4. What was the concept of Jacksonian democracy? THE IDEA OF SPREADING POLITICAL POWER TO ALL
THE PEOPLE AND ENSURING MAJORITY RULE
5. Andrew Jackson was the first President from what region? WEST (FRONTIER)
6. Name the two famous Revolutionary Leaders who died hours apart on July 4th, 1826, the 50th
anniversary of the Declaration of Independence? JOHN ADAMS AND THOMAS JEFFERSON
7. Why did Andrew Jackson hate the British?
CAPTURED DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR AT 13,
BEATEN, CONTACTS SMALL POX WHICH LATER KILL HIS BROTHER AND MOTHER
8. What was Andrew Jackson’s nickname? OLD HICKORY
9. What did Jackson name his Tennessee plantation? HERMITAGE
10. What devastating personal loss preceded Jackson’s inauguration?
DEATH OF HIS WIFE, RACHEL
11. What is the spoil’s system? GIVING GOVERNMENT JOBS TO POLITICAL BACKERS
12. What three major issues would dominant the Jacksonian Era?
STATUS OF NATIVE AMERICANS,
RIGHTS OF THE STATES AND THE ROLE OF THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
13. Compare Jeffersonian Democracy to Jacksonian democracy.
JEFFERSONIAN
JACKSONIAN
GOVERNMENT FOR THE WELL EDUCATED
GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE
DEMOCRACY IN POLITICAL LIFE
DEMOCRACY IN SOCIAL, POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LIFE
CHAMPIONED CAUSE OF FARMER
CHAMPIONED CAUSE OF FARMER AND LABORER
LIMITED GOVERNMENT
LIMITED GOVERNMENT BUT WITH STRONG PRESIDENT
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Section Two:
Jackson’s Policy toward Native Americans
Who invented the Cherokee Alphabet? SEQUOYA
What did (#1 answer) hope would be accomplished by the Cherokees gaining literacy?
COULD
SHARE THE POWER OF WHITES AND KEEP THEIR INDEPENDENCE
3. List the five major tribes in the Southeast.
CHOCTAW, CHICKASAW, CHEROKEE, CREEK &
SEMINOLE
4. Why did Europeans call them the Five Civilized Tribes?
BECAUSE THEY HAD ADOPTED ASPECTS OF
WHITE CULTURE
5. Where were the Five Civilized Tribes located (current states)?
GEORGIA, CAROLINAS,
ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TENNESSEE
6. Which tribe had drawn up a Constitution based on the U.S. Constitution?
CHEROKEE
7. A year after this constitution was adopted what discovered on tribal lands in Georgia?
GOLD
8. Did Andrew Jackson support the right of Native Americans to remain on their lands east of the
Mississippi?
NO
9. What was Jackson’s attitude toward Native Americans?
VIEWED THEM AS CONQUERED SUBJECTS
WHO LIVED WITHIN THE BORDERS OF THE UNITED STATES
10. What did he see as being their only two choices regarding how they could live in the United States?
COULD EITHER ADOPT WHITE CULTURE AND BECOME CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES
OR MOVE TO THE WESTERN TERRITORIES
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Section Three:
What actions did some Southern states take after the discovery of precious metal which caused
hardships for the Native Americans?
PASSED LAWS THAT GAVE WHITE SETTLERS THE RIGHT TO TAKE
OVER NATIVE AMERICAN LANDS.
Whose side did Jackson support: Native Americans or states?
STATES
When was the Indian Removal Act passed? What did it do? 1830. CALLED FOR GOVERNMENT TO
NEGOTIATE TREATIES THAT WOULD REQUIRE NATIVE AMERICANS TO RELOCATE WEST
Where was Indian Territory (current states)?
OKLAHOMA AND PARTS OF KANSAS AND NEBRASKA
Which tribe appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court for assistance in protecting their land?
CHEROKEE
What was the name of their case?
WORCHESTER VS. GEORGIA (1832)
What was the court’s ruling? What was Jackson’s response to the Supreme Court’s ruling? COURT
RULED IN FAVOR OF TRIBE SAYING THAT ONLY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, NOT THE STATES, COULD MAKE
LAWS GOVERNING THE CHEROKEES. JACKSON IGNORED THE DECISION SAYING MARSHALL MADE IT SO NOW
HE CAN ENFORCE IT!
Describe what happened to the Cherokees and other tribes during the Trail of Tears.
ONE
FOURTH DIED DUED TO FORCED MARCH THRU COLD, RAIN, AND SNOW, EXPOSURE AND STRAVATION.
What was the response of the Seminoles to Relocation? In what did this result? SEMINOLES REFUSED
TO LEAVE FLORIDA, WHICH LED TO THE SECOND SEMINOLE WAR
Who was Osceola? What did he do? What happened to him? SEMINOLE LEADER TRICKED INTO
CAPTURE. HE DIED IN PRISON.
What other tribes were relocated in addition to the Five Civilized Tribes?
SHAWNEE, OTTAWA,
POTAWATOMI, SAUK AND FOX
Describe the Black Hawk War. SAUK AND FOX CHIEF BLACK HAWK LED A BAND OF TRIBESMEN BACK TO
THEIR LAND IN ILLINOIS. THE ILLINOIS MILITA AND U.S. ARMY CRUSHED THE UPRISING.
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Conflict over States’ Rights
How did John C. Calhoun change his philosophy during his years in Congress?
What were the three major economic issues over which USA Legislators were arguing?
What had become the government’s main source on income in 1816?
What part did the “Tariff of Abominations” play in the election of Jackson?
Discuss the Doctrine of Nullification.
Who elaborated on this doctrine in 1828?
What issue was debated in the Webster-Haynes debate?
Who was known as the “Great Compromiser”?
On what issue did South Carolina threaten secession?
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Prosperity and Panic
Who was President of the Second Bank of the U.S.?
Why was the Bank so powerful?
Why did Jackson distrust the National Bank so much?
What did the bank have to have in order to operate?
After his re-election, how did Jackson set out to destroy the Bank?
What resulted from “pet banks” over issue of paper money?
How did Jackson attempt to fight the trend set by #6?
What occurred a few months after Martin Van Buren’s election?
What led to this Panic?
What were the results of the Panic?
What new political party came on the scene in 1840?
Who was selected as candidate for the party named in #11?
What was Harrison the first President to do?
Section Four:
General Questions
1. Name the two Western war heroes who each became president by running as the candidate of the
“common man”?
2. What did Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and John C. Calhoun have in common?
ALL WANTED TO BE
PRESIDENT AND LOST, WERE ALL ENEMIES OF ANDREW JACKSON’S, AND AT ONE TIME SUPPORTED A
STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
3. Why was the election of 1824 not in the spirit of Jacksonian democracy?
THE CANIDIDATE
WITH THE MOST VOTES DID NOT WIN
4. Why did the doctrine of nullification become popular in the South?
5. Who was most responsible for causing the Panic of 1837? Who got blamed?
6. Why did Southerners object to high tariffs on manufactured goods?
7. Those who became Whigs in the 1830’s and 1840’s had supported what party during the administration
of John Q. Adams?
8. Who did Henry Clay prevent from becoming President in 1824?
ANDREW JACKSON
9. In which state was the doctrine of nullification and resistance to the tariff strongest?
10. Who supported Jackson’s goal of preserving the Union but as a founder of the Whig party was also his
enemy?
11. Why was Jackson opposed to the Doctrine of Nullification?