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Era 5 Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877) Standard 1 The causes of the Civil War Standard 2 The course and character of the Civil War and its effects on the American people Standard 3 How various reconstruction plans succeeded or failed Standard 1: The causes of the Civil War Standard 1A: The student understands how the North and South differed and how politics and ideologies led to the Civil War. Effects of Mexican War & Issues over what to do with “new” land (346-347) The Crisis of 1850 (362) Map, p. 363 John Calhoun; Henry Clay; Daniel Webster; Stephen Douglas Compromise of 1850 Significance of Fugitive Slave Law (363) Significance of Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin in the “white north” (364) Nativist movement against immigrants (365) Know-Nothings Involvement in 1854-1855 politics Displaces Whig Party in New England Expansionism (366-367) Gadsden Purchase Cuba/Ostend Manifesto Kansas-Nebraska 1854 (367-68) Kansas Nebraska Act & Popular Sovereignty Invalidated Missouri Compromise Bleeding Kansas (383) Preston Brook’s attack on Charles Summer John Brown Election of 1856 (Map, 387) James Buchanan Republican Fremont, Democrat Buchanan, American Fillmore Distribution of votes show no one party has mass support Issues over abolitionism, “Slave Power,” Religion Dred Scott 1856 (388-389) History Chief Justice Taney’s decision Citizens’ rights to sue Missouri Compromise unconstitutional Effects of Financial Panic of 1857 (389) Lecompton Constitution in Kansas 1857 (391) Lincoln-Douglass Debates (391) Backgrounds Positions on slavery and pop sovereignty “Restrained anti-slavery” John Brown and Harpers Ferry 1859 (393) History with “bleeding Kansas” Goal & Day of attack Effects on North and South (The Meteor) Election of 1860 (Map, 395) “Two separate elections” South’s reaction to Lincoln’s win South Carolina takes lead in secession Jefferson Davis Lincoln becomes president (397) Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 (398) Standard 2: The course and character of the Civil War and its effects on the American people and how the war ended as it did. Standard 2A: The student understands how the resources of the Union and Confederacy affected the course of the war Union & Confederacy* Map of states seceding after Fort Sumter (405) Advantages & Disadvantages at Outset of War The Numbers (404) North – 4x South – slave pop Conscription The Strategies (406) North’s Anaconda Plan South’s Defensive Plan Conscription Leadership (406) South’s “better generals” Immigrant troops Professional vs. amateur troops Paying for War (413) South currency & inflation Legal Tender Act in North Confederate Home Front (414) Inflation Crop depletion Poor Southerners The Navies (414) Union initial advantage Confederate contracts with GB Southern blockade runners Diplomacy (416) Trent Affair Great Britain and France Slavery Under Attack 1862 (423) Contrabands McClellan & Copperheads Emancipation Proclamation Politics: Winter 1863-1864 (445) Oath of Loyalty Congressional elections in the South Election of 1864 (449) Electoral Map, p. 450 13th Amendment – Jan, 1865 (451) Est. of Freedman’s Bureau (451) Appomattox & Assassination (451) Costs & Consequences of War (452) Loss of life (Chart, 453) South’s Economy Nationalized markets in North War’s Legacy (456-457) The Battles The First Battle – Bull Run/Manassas (408) Beauregard; Stonewall Jackson West Point Grads Manifestations of Advantages and Disadvantages 1861-1862 (412-418) McClellan War in West – Mississippi River; Border States Rivers in the West (416) Grant (Map, 417) Battles in TN Union’s use of riverboats North Carolina USS Merrimack/USS Virginia 1862: Union on the Offensive (418-422) Eastern Campaign to take Richmond Western Campaign at Shiloh New Orleans Campaigns in Virginia & Maryland (Map 424) Antietam (426) Bloodiest single day of the war Justification for Emancipation Proclamation Stalemate (427) Summer 1863 (438-441) Vicksburg & Gettysburg (Map 439) Gettysburg Address (443) 1864-1865 (446-451) Sherman in Atlanta (446) Grant & Lee in Virginia, Map. p. 447 Sherman’s March to the Sea (451) Standard 2B : The student understands the social experience of the war on the battlefield and home front. Women and War (410) Nurses (Dorothea Dix) Primary Sources – Louisa May Alcott, etc. (411) Clara Barton, American Red Cross On the Battlefield & Life in the Field Sanitary Commission (420) Soldiers – misery & purpose to fight (433-434) African American Soldiers (437) The Draft Confederate Draft 1862 (422) Union Conscription Act 1863 (436) Problems with Civilian Support Riots & loss of civilian support in the South (435) NYC Draft riots (441) Prisons (446) Standard 3: How various reconstruction plans succeeded or failed Standard 3A: The student understands the political controversy over Reconstruction Andrew Johnson’s plan for reunion (458) South responds with Black Codes (459) Moderate Plan vs. Radical Republican for Reconstruction (459) Citizenship (14th Amendment ratified) & Suffrage Military Rule Loyalty Oaths KKK – 1866 (460) Radical Reconstruction Act (461) Provisions Impeachment of Johnson (461, 468) Carpetbaggers & Scalawags (461) Scaling back of Reconstruction (462) Election of 1868/Grant (469) 15th Amendment (469-470) Standard 3B: The student understands the Reconstruction programs to transform social relations in the South Popular reaction to Emancipation in the South (453) Freedman’s Bureau (455) Black Mobilization (456-458) Role of the Church (457-458) The Black School (458) Standard 3C: The student understands the successes and failures of Reconstruction in the South, North, and West. Rise of KKK (471) KKK Act of 1871 + Federal Troops (472) Farmers & Railroads in the South & West (473) Federal aid The Grange Munn v. Illinois Indian Policy in West The Peace Policy & Reservations (474 & Map, p. 475) Killing of buffalo (474 + 476) Custard’s Last Stand; Sioux of Black Hills Woman Suffrage? (475-477) Susan B. Anthony Educational opportunities Woman’s Christian Temperance Union At Work: some gains, but still “second class citizens” “The Failure of Reconstruction” (484-485) Effect of Panic of 1873 North’s support fades Black participation in Southern politics Democrat resurgence Grant’s scandals 14 & 15th “unfulfilled promises.” Election of 1876 (Map, p. 488) Compromise of 1877 (488-489)